Appropriate Care
Appropriate care is care whose expected benefit exceeds its harms by a clear margin, avoiding overuse and underuse that reduce health system efficiency.
Encyclopaedia
Explore comprehensive, evidence-informed explanations of key health economics concepts, including their development, application and relationships to other concepts. Published entries are validated through human expert review.
Concepts, entries and ontology terms
A concept page is a published entry on the wiki. Some concepts also have a full encyclopaedia article. The Health Economics Ontology (HEO) holds every concept, including dictionary terms without an article, so it is larger than the list of published pages. The knowledge graph shows how concepts relate to each other.
Appropriateness Criteria
Appropriateness criteria are expert panel ratings of when a procedure's benefit exceeds its harms enough to be worth doing, exclusive of cost.
AQoL
AQoL (Assessment of Quality of Life) is a family of Australian multi-attribute utility instruments, AQoL-4D to AQoL-8D, that score health states for QALYs.
Area Under Curve
Area under the curve (AUC), or C-statistic, is the probability a test or risk model scores a random case above a random non-case (0.5 chance, 1 perfect).
Arrival Process
Arrival process is the pattern in time, random or scheduled, by which patients or other entities enter a queueing model or simulation of a health service.
Arrow's Impossibility Theorem
Arrow's impossibility theorem is a welfare economics theorem proving no rule can pool rankings of three or more health options and meet five basic tests.
Artificial Intelligence in Health
Artificial intelligence in health is software that infers predictions or decisions from data, valued in HTA by its effect on costs and outcomes.
ASCOT
ASCOT is the Adult Social Care Outcomes Toolkit, a preference-weighted measure of social care-related quality of life for economic evaluation of care.
ASMR Rating
The ASMR rating is the French HAS grade, from major (I) to none (V), of how much a medicine improves on existing treatments, used to frame its price.
Assent
Assent is a child's affirmative agreement to join research, such as a paediatric trial supplying HTA evidence, given alongside parental permission.
Assessment
Assessment in HTA is the evidence-review step before appraisal: analysts critically evaluate a technology's clinical and cost-effectiveness evidence.
Assistive Technology Coverage
Assistive technology coverage is how far people needing assistive products, such as wheelchairs or hearing aids, have them, and how payers fund them.
Assumption Structure
Assumption structure is the full set of simplifying assumptions in a health economic model's design, such as its health states, events and extrapolation.
Asymptotic Normality
Asymptotic normality means an estimator's sampling distribution is approximately normal in large samples, the basis of Wald confidence intervals.
Atkinson Index
The Atkinson index measures inequality in health or income using a social welfare function with an explicit inequality aversion parameter, epsilon.
Attachment Point
An attachment point is the claims level at which stop-loss insurance or health reinsurance starts to pay, per person (specific) or per group (aggregate).
Attack Rate
Attack rate is the proportion of an at-risk population that develops the disease during an outbreak or other defined period: a risk, not a true rate.
Attributable Cost Estimation
Attributable cost estimation measures the extra healthcare cost a disease or risk factor causes, against what the same patients would cost without it.
Attributable Fraction
The attributable fraction is the share of cases, in the exposed or a whole population, that would not occur without an exposure, used to apportion burden.
Attributable Risk
Attributable risk is the risk in exposed minus unexposed people: the excess attributed to exposure, which health economic models turn into costs and QALYs.