Learning layer

The Knowledge Map is a tube-map view of health economics, drawn from the Knowledge Tree. Each coloured line is a learning pathway.

Open this pathwayOpen this pathwayOpen this pathwayOpen this pathwayOpen this pathwayOpen this pathwayOpen this pathwayOpen this pathwayHow to get the cost of care bymeasuring the resources usedand valuing themHow to get quality-adjustedlife years by valuing healthstates with people'spreferencesHow to get a value-for-moneyresult by comparing extracosts with extra healthHow to get a fundingdecision by appraisingthe evidence on atreatmentHow to get a decision model bycombining the evidence oncosts and outcomesHow to get a treatment effectby combining the results ofstudiesHow to get a clear view of ahealth system by tracing whereits money comes from and whatit buysHow to get a medicine topatients by following itthrough approval andpricingStep 1. Costing methodsCosting methodsStep 2. Productivity and indirect costsProductivityand indirectcostsStep 3. Cost of illnessCost of illnessStep 1. Clinical and patient-reported outcomesClinical andpatient-reportedoutcomesStep 2. Health utility and preference elicitationHealth utilityand preferenceelicitationStep 3. QALYs, DALYs and summary measuresQALYs, DALYsand summarymeasuresStep 4. Stated preference and monetary valuationStatedpreference andmonetaryvaluationStep 1. Evaluation types and frameworksEvaluationtypes andframeworksStep 2. DiscountingDiscountingStep 3. Cost-effectiveness analysisCost-effectivenessanalysisStep 4. Cost-utility analysisCost-utilityanalysisStep 5. Cost-benefit analysis and investment appraisalCost-benefitanalysis andinvestmentappraisalStep 6. Budget impact analysisBudget impactanalysisStep 7. Disease-area economicsDisease-areaeconomicsStep 1. HTA processes and methodsHTA processesand methodsStep 2. Reimbursement and managed accessReimbursementand managedaccessStep 1. Model types and structures (general)Model types andstructures(general)Step 2. Decision treesDecision treesStep 3. Markov and state-transition modelsMarkov andstate-transitionmodelsStep 4. Model inputs and parametersModel inputsand parametersStep 5. Survival analysis and extrapolationSurvivalanalysis andextrapolationStep 6. Partitioned survival modelsPartitionedsurvival modelsStep 7. Discrete event and individual-level simulationDiscrete eventandindividual-levelsimulationStep 8. Dynamic transmission and system dynamics modelsDynamictransmissionand systemdynamics modelsStep 9. Model validation and calibrationModelvalidation andcalibrationStep 10. Uncertainty and sensitivity analysisUncertainty andsensitivityanalysisStep 11. Value of informationValue ofinformationStep 12. Mathematical and computational methodsMathematicalandcomputationalmethodsStep 1. Trial and study designTrial and studydesignStep 2. Epidemiology and risk measuresEpidemiologyand riskmeasuresStep 3. Statistical methodsStatisticalmethodsStep 4. Evidence synthesis and appraisalEvidencesynthesis andappraisalStep 5. Causal inference and real-world evidenceCausalinference andreal-worldevidenceStep 1. Organisation and governanceOrganisationand governanceStep 2. Health financing and insuranceHealthfinancing andinsuranceStep 3. Provider paymentProviderpaymentStep 4. Provider financeProviderfinanceStep 5. Performance, productivity and qualityPerformance,productivityand qualityStep 1. Drug development and regulationDrugdevelopment andregulationStep 2. Pricing and market accessPricing andmarket accessStep 3. Public health and prevention policyPublic healthand preventionpolicyStep 4. Equity and inequalityEquity andinequality

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See the Learning Pathways