Budget Impact Analysis
An assessment of how adopting a health technology or policy would change spending for a particular budget holder over a specified period.
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Budget Impact Model
The analytical structure, typically built in a spreadsheet, used to estimate the financial consequences of adopting a new health technology.
Budget Impact Modelling
The practice of building and applying budget impact models to estimate the financial consequences of adopting a health technology.
C-Statistic
A measure of predictive discrimination equivalent to the area under the ROC curve, the probability of correctly ranking a random pair of individuals.
C. diff Rate
A measure of the frequency of healthcare-associated Clostridioides difficile infections within a facility, tracking infection prevention and stewardship performance.
Calibration
The process of adjusting a model's unobserved or uncertain parameters so its predicted outputs match observed real-world data as closely as possible.
Calibration Assessment
An evaluation of how closely a calibrated model's predicted outputs match the observed data used as calibration targets, typically using formal fit statistics.
Capacity Utilisation
A measure of the extent to which an organisation's available capacity, such as beds, is actually used relative to its maximum potential.
Capitation
A payment methodology giving a fixed amount per enrolled patient over a defined period, regardless of services used, unlike fee-for-service.
Capitation Payment
The specific fixed amount received per enrolled patient under capitation, typically adjusted for risk factors such as age and health status.
Case Fatality Rate
The proportion of people diagnosed with a disease who die from it within a defined period, a measure of disease severity.
Case Mix Index
A summary statistic representing average patient resource intensity, calculated by averaging relative weights of diagnosis-related groups across a provider's cases.
Case Weight
A relative value assigned to a diagnosis-related group reflecting its expected resource intensity, used to scale payment from a base rate.
Case-Control Design
An observational design comparing individuals who have experienced an outcome, the cases, against similar individuals who have not, the controls, on prior exposure.
Catastrophic Health Expenditure
Out-of-pocket healthcare spending by a household exceeding a defined threshold share of its total income, threatening basic financial stability.
Causal Inference
The statistical and epistemological methods used to determine whether an observed association between an exposure and outcome reflects a genuine causal relationship.
Cause-Specific Survival
The probability of surviving without dying from a specific cause of interest, treating deaths from other causes as censoring rather than a competing risk.
CAUTI Rate
A measure of the frequency of catheter-associated urinary tract infections within a facility, tracking infection prevention performance for catheter care.
Censoring
A situation in survival analysis where the exact time of an event is not observed, either because the study ended or follow-up was lost.
Central Difference
A finite-difference method that approximates a derivative using function values taken at equally spaced points on either side of the point of interest.