Aggregate Data Meta-Analysis
Aggregate data meta-analysis pools study-level summary results, such as effect estimates and standard errors, from several studies into one estimate.
Encyclopaedia
Explore comprehensive, evidence-informed explanations of key health economics concepts, including their development, application and relationships to other concepts. Published entries are validated through human expert review.
Concepts, entries and ontology terms
A concept page is a published entry on the wiki. Some concepts also have a full encyclopaedia article. The Health Economics Ontology (HEO) holds every concept, including dictionary terms without an article, so it is larger than the list of published pages. The knowledge graph shows how concepts relate to each other.
Aggregate Stop-Loss
Aggregate stop-loss is insurance that reimburses a self-funded employer for total health claims above an agreed attachment point in a plan year.
Aging-Driven Cost Growth
Aging-driven cost growth is the share of health spending growth due to an older population, usually smaller than growth from rising incomes and technology.
AI Agent
An AI agent is an AI system that pursues a goal in steps, such as finding and extracting trial data for a review, choosing each step from the last result.
AI Diagnostic Value
AI diagnostic value is the assessment of an AI diagnostic tool's net health and cost effect in a care pathway, judged on outcomes, not accuracy alone.
Akaike Information Criterion
Akaike information criterion (AIC) is a statistic ranking models fitted to the same data, such as survival curves in HTA, by fit penalised per parameter.
Alcohol Policy
Alcohol policy is the set of public measures, such as alcohol taxes, minimum unit prices and limits on sales and marketing, used to reduce alcohol harm.
Alcohol Use Economics
Alcohol use economics estimates what drinking costs health services and society and tests the value for money of alcohol screening and control policies.
Alert Fatigue
Alert fatigue is clinicians' falling response when too many low-value computerised alerts consume time and attention, so important ones are overridden too.
All-Cause Mortality
All-cause mortality is the rate of death from any cause in a population; models take background rates from life tables, and trials use it as an endpoint.
All-Payer System
An all-payer system is a provider payment arrangement in which a regulator sets the rates that every payer, public or private, pays for the same service.
Alliance Model
An alliance model is a health care arrangement in which independent providers and commissioners share goals, decisions, risk and reward without merging.
Allocation Concealment
Allocation concealment hides the next assignment in a randomised trial from recruiters until allocation, protecting the treatment effects that inform HTA.
Allocative Efficiency
Allocative efficiency is spending a health budget on the mix of services that yields the most health or welfare, so that no reallocation could do better.
Alma-Ata Declaration
The Alma-Ata Declaration is the 1978 WHO and UNICEF conference statement that defined primary health care and made it the key to Health for All by 2000.
Alpha Spending
Alpha spending is a group sequential trial method that spreads the type I error rate (alpha) across interim and final analyses as information accrues.
Ambulatory Care
Ambulatory care is health care without an overnight hospital stay, such as GP, outpatient and day-case care, counted apart from inpatient care spending.
Ambulatory Payment Classification
Ambulatory Payment Classification (APC) is Medicare's grouping of clinically similar, similarly costly hospital outpatient services sharing one base rate.
AMCP Dossier
The AMCP dossier is a manufacturer's evidence package, built to AMCP's Format for Formulary Submissions, that US health plans use in formulary decisions.
AMR Economic Burden
AMR economic burden is the extra cost antimicrobial resistance imposes on health systems and economies, measured against susceptible or no infection.