15D
A generic, multi-attribute quality of life instrument measuring fifteen health dimensions, each scored on five levels, combined into a single utility index.
Encyclopaedia
Explore comprehensive, evidence-informed explanations of key health economics concepts, including their development, application and relationships to other concepts. Published entries are validated through human expert review.
Concepts, entries and ontology terms
A concept page is a published entry on the wiki. Some concepts also have a full encyclopaedia article. The Health Economics Ontology (HEO) holds every concept, including dictionary terms without an article, so it is larger than the list of published pages. The knowledge graph shows how concepts relate to each other.
Absenteeism
Time lost from work due to illness, injury, or caregiving responsibilities, resulting in a direct, measurable cost to employers through lost productivity.
Absolute Shortfall
Absolute shortfall is the future QALYs lost with a condition under current care versus the age- and sex-matched population, used by NICE to judge severity.
Acquisition Cost
Acquisition cost is what a payer spends to buy a drug, at the price actually paid after any discounts, excluding administration and monitoring costs.
Active Life Expectancy
Active life expectancy (ALE) is the average number of years a person of a given age can expect to live free of dependency in activities of daily living.
Activities of Daily Living
Activities of daily living (ADL) are basic self-care tasks, such as bathing, dressing, toileting and eating, used to measure dependence and need for care.
Activity Limitation
Activity limitation is a difficulty a person has in carrying out a task or action, such as walking, washing or communicating, as defined in the WHO ICF.
Anchor-Based MID
Anchor-based MID is a minimal important difference estimated by linking score changes to an external anchor, such as a patient's global rating of change.
AQoL
AQoL (Assessment of Quality of Life) is a family of Australian multi-attribute utility instruments, AQoL-4D to AQoL-8D, that score health states for QALYs.
ASCOT
ASCOT is the Adult Social Care Outcomes Toolkit, a preference-weighted measure of social care-related quality of life for economic evaluation of care.
Average Manufacturer Price
Average Manufacturer Price (AMP) is the average price paid to a manufacturer for a drug supplied to US retail pharmacies, the basis of Medicaid rebates.
Average Sales Price
Average sales price (ASP) is a manufacturer's average US price for a drug in a quarter, net of most discounts and rebates; it sets Medicare Part B payment.
Balancing Measure
A balancing measure is a quality improvement metric that checks whether a change that improves one part of a health system causes new problems elsewhere.
Barthel Index
Barthel Index (BI) is a ten-item rating of independence in self-care and mobility, scored 0 to 100, used as an outcome in stroke and rehabilitation trials.
Basket of Countries
The basket of countries is the set of foreign markets whose drug prices a regulator compares in external reference pricing to set a domestic price.
Benchmarking
Benchmarking is the structured comparison of a health care provider's performance, costs or processes with peers or standards to adopt better practice.
Best Practice
Best practice in health care is an intervention shown to be effective and efficient in one setting that other providers could adopt with similar results.
Best Price
Best price is the lowest US price a manufacturer offers almost any buyer for a brand-name drug in a quarter, used to set its Medicaid rebate.
Bioequivalence
Bioequivalence means two products with the same active ingredient have rates and extents of absorption within preset limits, the basis of generic approval.
Biomarker Endpoint
A biomarker endpoint is a trial outcome built on a measured biological marker, such as LDL cholesterol, which cost-utility models must convert into QALYs.