Administrative Barrier
An administrative barrier is a paperwork, enrolment, renewal or approval requirement that deters or delays use of healthcare.
Encyclopaedia
Explore comprehensive, evidence-informed explanations of key health economics concepts, including their development, application and relationships to other concepts. Published entries are validated through human expert review.
Concepts, entries and ontology terms
A concept page is a published entry on the wiki. Some concepts also have a full encyclopaedia article. The Health Economics Ontology (HEO) holds every concept, including dictionary terms without an article, so it is larger than the list of published pages. The knowledge graph shows how concepts relate to each other.
Administrative Censoring
Administrative censoring is right censoring that occurs when a trial's planned end of follow-up or data cut-off arrives before a patient has the event.
Administrative Cost Ratio
Administrative cost ratio is the share of an insurer's premium income, or a health system's spending, used for administration rather than claims or care.
Administrative Data
Administrative data are records made to run or pay for care, such as claims, hospital admissions and prescriptions, reused to measure costs and outcomes.
Administrative Feasibility
Administrative feasibility is whether the agencies that would run a health policy have the staff, systems and mandate to deliver it as designed.
Administrative Simplification
Administrative simplification is policy to cut the cost of health system paperwork, such as claims, eligibility checks and prior authorisation.
Administrative Waste
Administrative waste is health care administrative spending that adds no value or costs more than needed, such as duplicate reporting or complex billing.
Advance Care Planning
Advance care planning (ACP) is a process in which people discuss and record their goals and preferences for future medical care with family and clinicians.
Advanced Therapy Medicinal Product
An advanced therapy medicinal product (ATMP) is an EU-regulated gene, cell or tissue-based medicine, often given once, whose lasting value HTA must judge.
Adverse Drug Event
An adverse drug event (ADE) is harm to a patient from a medicine, whether caused by a medication error or by a reaction despite correct use.
Adverse Drug Reaction
An adverse drug reaction (ADR) is a noxious, unintended response to a medicine, where a causal link to the drug is at least a reasonable possibility.
Adverse Event
An adverse event (AE) is any unfavourable medical occurrence after treatment, caused by it or not; in patient safety, an injury caused by medical care.
Adverse Event Rate
Adverse event rate (AE rate) is the count of adverse events, or of patients with one, divided by the patients or person-time at risk in a stated period.
Adverse Event Reporting
Adverse event reporting sends suspected drug reactions and safety incidents to regulators or national systems, giving safety signals but not event rates.
Adverse Selection
Adverse selection occurs when people who know they are higher risk buy more health or life insurance, which can raise premiums and drive out lower risks.
Affordability
Affordability is whether a payer or household can meet the cost of health care from available resources without displacing other care or causing hardship.
Affordability Threshold
An affordability threshold is the budget impact level above which a payer flags a new technology for special handling, even if it is cost-effective.
Age Rating
Age rating is setting health insurance premiums by the buyer's age, as expected costs rise with age; some laws cap it, such as the US 3:1 adult limit.
Age Weighting
Age weighting values a year of healthy life by the age at which it is lived, as in the original GBD DALY, which gave years in young adulthood most weight.
Agent-Based Model
An agent-based model (ABM) simulates individuals as agents that follow rules and interact, so outcomes such as infections, costs and QALYs emerge.