Compartmental Model
A compartmental model splits a population into compartments, such as susceptible, infectious and recovered, and uses equations for the flows between them.
Encyclopaedia
Explore comprehensive, evidence-informed explanations of key health economics concepts, including their development, application and relationships to other concepts. Published entries are validated through human expert review.
Concepts, entries and ontology terms
A concept page is a published entry on the wiki. Some concepts also have a full encyclopaedia article. The Health Economics Ontology (HEO) holds every concept, including dictionary terms without an article, so it is larger than the list of published pages. The knowledge graph shows how concepts relate to each other.
Compassionate Use
Compassionate use is the supply of an unauthorised medicine, outside a trial, to patients with a serious disease and no satisfactory authorised treatment.
Compensated Demand Curve
A compensated demand curve is a demand curve showing how much of a good, such as health care, a person would buy at each price with utility held constant.
Compensating Variation
Compensating variation (CV) is the sum that restores original utility after a health or policy change: willingness to pay for a gain or to accept a loss.
Competence
Competence is a person's legal authority to make their own decisions, such as consenting to treatment, as distinct from clinical assessment of capacity.
Competing Risks
Competing risks are events that each end a patient's time at risk, such as cardiovascular and other-cause death, so the first to occur rules out the rest.
Competition Theory
Competition theory explains how rivalry between firms and market structure shape prices and quality, including in hospital and health insurance markets.
Competition-Based Pricing
Competition-based pricing sets a medicine's price from the prices of rival treatments for the same condition, not from its own cost or added health value.
Competitive Equilibrium
Competitive equilibrium is an equilibrium in which price-taking traders optimise and prices clear every market, the benchmark for health care markets.
Compliance
Compliance is conformity with a requirement: a patient following a prescribed regimen (now often termed adherence) or a provider meeting legal rules.
Compliance Programme
A compliance programme is the internal system a health care organisation uses to prevent, detect and correct breaches of health care law and payer rules.
Composite Endpoint
A composite endpoint is a trial outcome combining two or more events, such as death or hospitalisation, usually counting a patient once at the first event.
Computer Vision Health
Computer vision health tools use AI, mostly deep learning, to read medical images such as X-rays, retinal scans and pathology slides to detect disease.
Computerized Order Entry
Computerized order entry (CPOE) lets clinicians enter medication, test and other orders electronically instead of on paper, often with decision support.
Concentration Curve
A concentration curve plots the cumulative share of a health variable against the cumulative share of the population ranked from poorest to richest.
Concentration Index
The concentration index measures socioeconomic inequality in a health variable; a negative value means it is disproportionately held by the poor.
Concurrent Control
A concurrent control is a control group drawn from the same population as the treated group and followed over the same period, so time trends affect both.
Concurrent Risk Adjustment
Concurrent risk adjustment predicts health care spending for a period from diagnoses recorded in that same period, often to adjust health plan payments.
Condition Index
A condition index is the ratio of the largest singular value of a scaled regression design matrix to another singular value, used to assess near-linear dependence among predictors.
Conditional Logic
Conditional logic is the set of if-then rules in a health economic model that make risks, costs or treatment depend on age, time, history or response.