Efficiency Index
An efficiency index is one number comparing the resources a hospital or health system uses with its outputs, against peers, national costs or a frontier.
Encyclopaedia
Explore comprehensive, evidence-informed explanations of key health economics concepts, including their development, application and relationships to other concepts. Published entries are validated through human expert review.
Concepts, entries and ontology terms
A concept page is a published entry on the wiki. Some concepts also have a full encyclopaedia article. The Health Economics Ontology (HEO) holds every concept, including dictionary terms without an article, so it is larger than the list of published pages. The knowledge graph shows how concepts relate to each other.
Efficient Design
An experimental design built to maximise the statistical information obtained from a given number of choice tasks.
Egger Test
The Egger test is a regression test of funnel plot asymmetry, used in meta-analysis to detect small-study effects that may signal publication bias.
Eigenvalue
An eigenvalue is the factor by which a square matrix scales a vector that stays on its own line, used in health economics in Markov models, PCA and PSA.
Elastic Demand
Elastic demand is demand whose price elasticity exceeds one in absolute value, so a price rise, such as a health tax, cuts total spending on the product.
Electronic Health Record
Electronic health records (EHRs) are digital patient records kept for clinical care and reused in health economics as data on resource use and outcomes.
ENBS Calculation
ENBS calculation scales a study's per-person EVSI to the population who could benefit, then subtracts its fixed, per-participant and opportunity costs.
Entity Resolution
Entity resolution is the data analytics task of finding records that refer to the same patient, study or other entity in health data, and linking them.
EORTC QLQ-C30
EORTC QLQ-C30 is the 30-item core cancer quality of life questionnaire, whose answers can be mapped to EQ-5D or scored with the QLU-C10D for QALYs.
EORTC QLU-C10D
EORTC QLU-C10D is a cancer-specific preference-based measure that scores 13 QLQ-C30 items with national value sets to give utilities for QALYs.
EPDS
EPDS is a ten-item self-report scale scored 0 to 30 that screens for depression in pregnancy and after birth, used in trials and screening models.
EQ-5D-3L Value Set
EQ-5D-3L value sets are utility weights, elicited from a population's health state valuations, that score all 243 EQ-5D-3L states for QALY calculation.
EQ-5D-5L Value Set
EQ-5D-5L value set is a scoring algorithm, estimated from a general public valuation study, that gives each of the 3,125 EQ-5D-5L states a QALY utility.
EQ-HWB
EQ-HWB is the EQ Health and Wellbeing measure, a 25-item questionnaire for patients, social care users and carers used in economic evaluation.
EQ-HWB-S
EQ-HWB-S, renamed EQ-HWB-9, is the nine-item short form of the EQ Health and Wellbeing measure, with a UK pilot value set giving utilities for QALYs.
Equality of Opportunity
Equality of opportunity is an equity principle that judges health gaps unfair when they stem from circumstances people cannot control, not their choices.
Equilibrium
Equilibrium is a state in which economic forces balance, as when demand for health care equals supply, so no one has reason to change prices or plans.
Equilibrium Price
An equilibrium price is the price at which quantity demanded equals quantity supplied, so a market for a health service or medicine clears.
Equipoise
Equipoise is genuine uncertainty among informed experts about which treatment in a trial is better, the usual ethical test for randomising patients.
Equity
Equity is fairness in how health, healthcare and its financing are distributed: equal treatment for equal need, and appropriately more for greater need.