Demand
Demand is the schedule of quantities of a good or service, such as health care, that people are willing and able to buy at each price over a given period.
Encyclopaedia
Explore comprehensive, evidence-informed explanations of key health economics concepts, including their development, application and relationships to other concepts. Published entries are validated through human expert review.
Concepts, entries and ontology terms
A concept page is a published entry on the wiki. Some concepts also have a full encyclopaedia article. The Health Economics Ontology (HEO) holds every concept, including dictionary terms without an article, so it is larger than the list of published pages. The knowledge graph shows how concepts relate to each other.
Demand Curve
A demand curve shows how much of a good or service, such as health care, is demanded at each price, other factors held fixed. It usually slopes downward.
Demand for Health
Demand for health is the idea, from the Grossman model, that people value health as a capital stock, so their demand for healthcare is derived from it.
Demand Forecasting
Demand forecasting projects future use of health services and medicines, and the staff needed, from past utilisation, population change and other drivers.
Demand Inducement
Demand inducement is a provider's use of an information advantage to shift a patient's demand for care away from the patient's best interests.
Departure Process
Departure process is the pattern of times at which patients leave a clinic, ward or other stage of care in a queueing model or discrete event simulation.
Dependent Censoring
Dependent censoring occurs when the chance of being censored is linked to a patient's risk of the event, so standard survival estimates can be biased.
Derived Demand for Healthcare
Derived demand for healthcare is the idea that people want medical care mainly as an input for producing health, the thing they actually value.
Descriptive Epidemiology
Descriptive epidemiology describes how disease is distributed by person, place and time, supplying the counts, rates and trends used in health economics.
Descriptive Statistics
Descriptive statistics summarise the centre, spread and shape of data, such as skewed patient costs, whose arithmetic mean sets the total budget.
Design Effect
The design effect (DEFF) is the ratio of an estimate's variance under a clustered or complex sample to that under a simple random sample of equal size.
Detection Bias
Detection bias is systematic error from unequal finding, measuring or judging of outcomes between study groups, often because assessors know allocation.
Deterministic Model
A deterministic model is a health economic model with no random elements, so the same inputs always give the same costs, QALYs and ICER.
Deterministic Sensitivity Analysis
Deterministic sensitivity analysis (DSA) reruns a health economic model with chosen inputs set to fixed values to see how results and decisions change.
Development Assistance for Health
Development assistance for health (DAH) is the grants, loans and in-kind aid for health that development agencies give to low- and middle-income countries.
Deviance Residual
A deviance residual is a signed measure of how poorly a generalised linear or survival model fits each patient; in a GLM its squares sum to the deviance.
Devolution
Devolution is the transfer of formal responsibility and power over health services from central government to elected regional or local governments.
DFLE Calculation
The process of computing disability-free life expectancy using a life table combining age-specific mortality rates with age-specific disability prevalence.
Diabetes Complications
Long-term health consequences of poorly controlled diabetes, including cardiovascular disease, kidney disease, nerve damage, and eye disease.
Diagnosis Related Group
A diagnosis related group (DRG) is a category of inpatient stays with similar diagnoses, procedures and expected costs, used to pay or fund hospitals.