Meta-Regression Transfer
A form of benefit transfer in which a regression model estimated across many original studies predicts a value for a new context based on its characteristics.
Encyclopaedia
Explore comprehensive, evidence-informed explanations of key health economics concepts, including their development, application and relationships to other concepts. Published entries are validated through human expert review.
Method of Moments
A technique estimating a distribution's parameters by equating sample moments, such as mean and variance, to their theoretical population equivalents.
Metropolis-Hastings
A Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm generating samples by proposing candidate values and accepting or rejecting them by a rule ensuring convergence.
Micro-Costing
A detailed bottom-up costing method that identifies and values every individual resource consumed, such as each minute of staff time.
Microsimulation
A simulation technique modelling individual entities separately through time based on their own characteristics and randomly sampled events, with results emerging from the total.
Minimal Clinically Important Difference
The smallest change in an outcome measure that patients or clinicians would consider meaningful, used to judge whether a statistically significant result matters clinically.
Minimal Important Difference
The smallest change in a health outcome measure a patient would perceive as beneficial, or that would prompt a clinician to change management.
Minimal Residual Disease
The small amount of disease still detectable using highly sensitive techniques after treatment appears, by less sensitive measures, to have achieved complete response.
Minimally Important Difference
The threshold change in a health outcome score considered meaningful, estimated using either anchor-based or distribution-based methods.
Missing at Random
A missing data classification indicating the probability of a value being missing depends on other observed variables, not the missing value itself.
Missing Completely at Random
A missing data classification indicating the probability of missingness is entirely unrelated to any observed or unobserved variables, the strongest assumption.
Missing Not at Random
A missing data classification indicating the probability of missingness depends on the unobserved value itself, even after accounting for other variables.
Mixed Effects Model
A modelling approach including both fixed effects for average relationships and random effects for individual variation, suited to nested or repeated data.
Mixed Model Repeated Measures
A longitudinal trial analysis method using a mixed effects framework under the missing at random assumption, an alternative to last observation carried forward.
Mixed Treatment Comparison
An earlier term for network meta-analysis, describing the statistical combination of direct and indirect evidence across a connected treatment network.
Mixture Cure Model
A cure model treating the population as a mixture of a cured fraction facing only background mortality and an uncured fraction remaining at risk.
Mixture Model
A statistical model representing a population as a combination of two or more distinct subgroups, each following its own underlying distribution.
Mode
A central tendency measure representing the most frequently occurring value within a dataset.
Model Averaging
A statistical technique combining predictions from several plausible candidate models, weighted by their relative statistical support, rather than relying on one selected model.
Model Diagnostics
A set of statistical and technical checks assessing a model's performance, such as poor calibration or unstable results under minor input changes.