Clinical Algorithm Development
Clinical algorithm development is building a step-by-step diagnosis or treatment pathway from evidence review, consensus and often economic evaluation.
Encyclopaedia
Explore comprehensive, evidence-informed explanations of key health economics concepts, including their development, application and relationships to other concepts. Published entries are validated through human expert review.
Concepts, entries and ontology terms
A concept page is a published entry on the wiki. Some concepts also have a full encyclopaedia article. The Health Economics Ontology (HEO) holds every concept, including dictionary terms without an article, so it is larger than the list of published pages. The knowledge graph shows how concepts relate to each other.
Clinical Analytics
Clinical analytics is the analysis of patient-level clinical data, such as electronic health records, to describe care, predict risk and inform decisions.
Clinical Audit
Clinical audit is a quality improvement cycle that checks care against explicit evidence-based standards, acts on gaps and re-measures to confirm change.
Clinical Benefit Rate
Clinical benefit rate (CBR) is the share of cancer trial patients with a complete or partial response, or stable disease lasting a set minimum time.
Clinical Decision Analysis
Clinical decision analysis is a method for choosing a patient's test or treatment by combining outcome probabilities and utilities in a decision tree.
Clinical Decision Support
Clinical decision support (CDS) is software that matches a patient's data to clinical knowledge and gives clinicians tailored advice at the point of care.
Clinical Development Plan
A clinical development plan is a sponsor's ordered programme of clinical trials, with decision points, to support marketing approval and often HTA.
Clinical Effectiveness Review
Clinical effectiveness review is the part of an HTA that systematically reviews evidence on a technology's benefits and harms compared with alternatives.
Clinical Efficiency
Clinical efficiency is the extent to which clinicians and teams achieve good patient outcomes with the least staff time, tests, drugs and bed-days.
Clinical Endpoint
A clinical endpoint is a predefined trial outcome for judging a treatment; strictly, one directly measuring how a patient feels, functions or survives.
Clinical Epidemiology
Clinical epidemiology applies epidemiology to patients, measuring test accuracy, prognosis and treatment effects for clinical and economic decisions.
Clinical Evidence
Clinical evidence is data from trials and observational studies on an intervention's benefits and harms, used in HTA and economic evaluation.
Clinical Guideline
A clinical guideline is a set of care recommendations for a defined clinical situation, based on a systematic review of evidence on benefits and harms.
Clinical Integration
Clinical integration is the coordination of a patient's care across professionals, services and settings so that it runs as one continuous process.
Clinical Meaningfulness
Clinical meaningfulness is whether a treatment effect is large enough to matter to patients and change their care, not just statistically significant.
Clinical Outcome
A clinical outcome is a result showing how a patient feels, functions or survives, such as stroke or death, used to judge benefit in economic evaluation.
Clinical Outcome Assessment
A clinical outcome assessment (COA) measures how a patient feels or functions, through patient, clinician or observer reports or a standardised task.
Clinical Pathway
A clinical pathway is a structured multidisciplinary plan setting out the expected steps and timing of hospital care for a specific clinical problem.
Clinical Plausibility
Clinical plausibility is the extent to which a health economic model's structure, inputs and results agree with clinical knowledge of the disease.
Clinical Practice Variation
Clinical practice variation is the difference in care that similar patients receive from different clinicians, hospitals or regions, warranted or not.