Data Envelopment Analysis
Data envelopment analysis (DEA) is a linear programming method that scores hospitals and other health care units on technical efficiency against peers.
Encyclopaedia
Explore comprehensive, evidence-informed explanations of key health economics concepts, including their development, application and relationships to other concepts. Published entries are validated through human expert review.
Concepts, entries and ontology terms
A concept page is a published entry on the wiki. Some concepts also have a full encyclopaedia article. The Health Economics Ontology (HEO) holds every concept, including dictionary terms without an article, so it is larger than the list of published pages. The knowledge graph shows how concepts relate to each other.
Data Exclusivity
Data exclusivity is the period after a medicine's first approval in which generic or biosimilar applicants may not rely on the originator's trial data.
DFLE Calculation
The process of computing disability-free life expectancy using a life table combining age-specific mortality rates with age-specific disability prevalence.
Direct Elicitation
Direct elicitation is the valuation of a health state by asking people to trade it against life years or risk of death, rather than through a value set.
Disability Weight
A disability weight is a value from 0 (full health) to 1 (equivalent to death) rating health loss in a non-fatal state, used to calculate YLDs and DALYs.
Disability-Adjusted Life Year
The disability-adjusted life year (DALY) measures health loss by adding years of life lost to premature death and years lived with disability.
Disease-Free Survival
Disease-free survival (DFS) is the time from randomisation until cancer recurrence or death from any cause, an endpoint of adjuvant trials and models.
Distribution-Based MID
A distribution-based MID is a minimal important difference estimated from score spread or instrument reliability, such as half a standard deviation.
Disutility
Disutility is the loss of utility caused by a health state, adverse event or treatment, measured from a stated baseline and used to reduce QALYs.
Drug Pricing
Drug pricing is how manufacturers and payers set and negotiate the amount paid for a medicine, under government pricing policies and patent protection.
ECOG Performance Status
ECOG Performance Status is a clinician-rated six-grade scale of a cancer patient's functioning, grade 5 being death, used for trial eligibility and models.
Efficiency Index
An efficiency index is one number comparing the resources a hospital or health system uses with its outputs, against peers, national costs or a frontier.
EORTC QLU-C10D
EORTC QLU-C10D is a cancer-specific preference-based measure that scores 13 QLQ-C30 items with national value sets to give utilities for QALYs.
EQ-5D-3L Value Set
EQ-5D-3L value sets are utility weights, elicited from a population's health state valuations, that score all 243 EQ-5D-3L states for QALY calculation.
EQ-5D-5L Value Set
EQ-5D-5L value set is a scoring algorithm, estimated from a general public valuation study, that gives each of the 3,125 EQ-5D-5L states a QALY utility.
EQ-HWB-S
EQ-HWB-S, renamed EQ-HWB-9, is the nine-item short form of the EQ Health and Wellbeing measure, with a UK pilot value set giving utilities for QALYs.
Event-Free Survival
Event-free survival (EFS) is the time, usually from randomisation, to the first prespecified event, such as recurrence or death, in trials and models.
Expanded Disability Status Scale
Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) is a clinician-rated 0 to 10 scale of multiple sclerosis disability, often used to set health states in MS models.
External Reference Pricing
A medicine-pricing policy that uses prices for the same or comparable product in other jurisdictions as benchmarks for a domestic price or reimbursement decision.
FLACC Scale
FLACC Scale is an observer-rated pain score for young or non-verbal children, totalling 0 to 10, used as a trial outcome but unable to give QALYs directly.