Beers Criteria
The Beers Criteria are the American Geriatrics Society's list of medicines best avoided in older adults, also used to evaluate quality of care and cost.
Encyclopaedia
Explore comprehensive, evidence-informed explanations of key health economics concepts, including their development, application and relationships to other concepts. Published entries are validated through human expert review.
Concepts, entries and ontology terms
A concept page is a published entry on the wiki. Some concepts also have a full encyclopaedia article. The Health Economics Ontology (HEO) holds every concept, including dictionary terms without an article, so it is larger than the list of published pages. The knowledge graph shows how concepts relate to each other.
Before-and-After Study
A before-and-after study compares outcomes or costs measured before and after a health intervention or policy change, in one group or with a control group.
Begg Test
The Begg test is a rank correlation test (Kendall's tau) for small-study effects in a meta-analysis, a possible sign of publication bias.
Behaviour Change
Behaviour change is a lasting shift in health-related actions such as smoking, diet or physical activity, pursued by policy to cut disease and its costs.
Behaviour Change Intervention
A behaviour change intervention is a coordinated set of behaviour change techniques aiming to change a health behaviour, judged by cost per health gain.
Behaviour Change Technique
A behaviour change technique (BCT) is the smallest replicable part of a health behaviour programme, such as goal setting, coded to cost what is delivered.
Behavioural Analytics
Behavioural analytics is the analysis of health behaviour records, such as prescription refills or app use, to predict behaviour and target interventions.
Behavioural Health Carve-Out
A behavioural health carve-out is an insurance arrangement that finances and manages mental health and substance use services under a separate contract.
Behavioural Theory
Behavioural theory explains how limited attention, present bias and other biases push health and insurance choices away from full rationality.
Benchmark Comparison
Benchmark comparison assesses a health care provider's measured performance against a reference level, such as a peer average, best practice or a target.
Benchmark Development
Benchmark development is the process of deriving from provider data the level of health care quality or outcomes used to judge performance and set targets.
Benchmark Price
Benchmark price is a payer-set reference amount, such as a Medicare Advantage or ACA benchmark, compared with bids, premiums or spending to set payment.
Benchmarking
Benchmarking is the structured comparison of a health care provider's performance, costs or processes with peers or standards to adopt better practice.
Benefit Design
Benefit design is the set of health plan rules on covered services, cost sharing, networks and utilisation review that sets what members pay and can use.
Benefit Incidence
Benefit incidence analysis shows how public health care subsidies reach each income group by multiplying the group's service use by the unit subsidy.
Benefit Package
A benefit package is the set of health services, medicines and technologies that a public system or insurer guarantees to fund for its covered population.
Benefit Transfer
Benefit transfer reuses willingness-to-pay values from earlier studies, such as the value of a statistical life, to value health benefits in a new setting.
Benefit-Cost Ratio
Benefit-cost ratio (BCR) is a health programme's monetised benefits divided by its costs, in present values, used to summarise a cost-benefit analysis.
Benefit-Risk Assessment
Benefit-risk assessment is how regulators such as the FDA and EMA judge whether a medicine's benefits outweigh its harms, given the uncertainties.
Best Interest Standard
The best interest standard requires healthcare decisions for a patient lacking capacity, such as a young child, to be those that best serve their welfare.