SWEMWBS
SWEMWBS, the Short Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale, is a seven-item, Rasch-scored measure of positive mental wellbeing for programme evaluations.
Encyclopaedia
Explore comprehensive, evidence-informed explanations of key health economics concepts, including their development, application and relationships to other concepts. Published entries are validated through human expert review.
Concepts, entries and ontology terms
A concept page is a published entry on the wiki. Some concepts also have a full encyclopaedia article. The Health Economics Ontology (HEO) holds every concept, including dictionary terms without an article, so it is larger than the list of published pages. The knowledge graph shows how concepts relate to each other.
Synthetic Control
Synthetic control estimates a health policy's effect on one region or provider using a weighted blend of untreated units that tracked it before the policy.
System Dynamics Model
A system dynamics model simulates a health system in aggregate as stocks, flows and feedback loops, projecting how policies play out over time.
Systematic Review
A systematic review finds, appraises and summarises all studies on a defined question using preset, reproducible methods, as evidence for HTA and models.
T-Distribution
The t-distribution is a heavy-tailed, symmetric curve used for intervals and tests on mean costs or effects when variance is estimated from a small sample.
Tarone-Ware Test
The Tarone-Ware test is a weighted log-rank test comparing survival between trial arms, weighting each event time by the square root of the number at risk.
Tau-Squared
Tau-squared is the between-study variance in a random-effects meta-analysis, measuring how much true treatment effects differ across pooled trials.
Taylor Series Expansion
A Taylor series expansion approximates a function near a point by a polynomial built from its derivatives, used in health economics for the delta method.
Technical Efficiency
Technical efficiency is producing health care with the fewest inputs that best practice allows, or the most output from given inputs, ignoring prices.
Technological Externality
A technological externality is an externality that changes another person's health, wellbeing or output directly, not through prices, as infection does.
Technological Imperative
Technological imperative is the pressure in health care to adopt and use a new medical technology because it exists, whatever its cost or added benefit.
Test-Retest Reliability
Test-retest reliability is the extent to which a health questionnaire, such as the EQ-5D, gives the same scores in people whose health has not changed.
Text Embedding
A text embedding is a numerical vector a trained model assigns to a word or passage so similar meanings lie close, used to search and screen HTA evidence.
Theil Index Health
The Theil index in health is an entropy-based measure of relative inequality in a health outcome that splits exactly into parts between and within groups.
Theory of the Second Best
The theory of the second best is a welfare theorem that if one efficiency condition fails, as in health care, meeting the others may not raise welfare.
Threshold Analysis
Threshold analysis finds the switching value, the level an uncertain input must reach for the preferred option in a health economic model to change.
Threshold Price
Threshold Price is the highest price at which a health technology stays cost-effective: the price where its ICER equals the cost-effectiveness threshold.
Throughput
Throughput is the number of patients or care episodes a health service completes per unit of time, such as discharges per day, counted at a defined exit.
Time Dependency
The property of a risk, effect, cost, utility or other model input changing according to a specified time scale, such as attained age or time since an event.
Time Horizon
The time horizon is the period over which an economic evaluation counts costs and health effects, set long enough to capture all important differences.