Linear Pool
A method combining multiple experts' probability distributions by taking a weighted arithmetic average, producing a single pooled distribution.
Encyclopaedia
Explore comprehensive, evidence-informed explanations of key health economics concepts, including their development, application and relationships to other concepts. Published entries are validated through human expert review.
Linear Programming
A method for optimising a linear objective function subject to linear equality and inequality constraints.
Linear Programming Health
An optimisation technique identifying the resource allocation that maximises or minimises a linear objective subject to linear constraints, such as a fixed budget.
Linear Regression
A modelling technique estimating the linear relationship between a continuous outcome and one or more predictors, giving expected change per unit predictor.
Liquidity Ratio
A financial ratio measuring an organisation's ability to meet short-term financial obligations using its most readily available assets.
Listwise Deletion
A missing data method excluding any observation with a missing value on any variable in an analysis, using only complete cases.
Log-Logistic Distribution
A probability distribution capable of representing a hazard function that first rises and then falls over time.
Log-Logistic Model
A survival model based on the log-logistic distribution, representing a hazard function that rises to a peak and then declines.
Log-Normal Distribution
A probability distribution in which the logarithm of the variable follows a normal distribution, often used for hazards that rise then fall.
Log-Normal Model
A survival model based on the log-normal distribution, capable of representing a hazard that rises then falls, similar in shape to log-logistic.
Log-Rank Test
A hypothesis test comparing survival distributions between groups by comparing observed and expected event counts at each event time.
Logarithmic Pool
A method combining multiple experts' probability distributions by taking a weighted geometric average rather than a simple arithmetic average.
Logistic Regression
A modelling technique estimating the relationship between predictor variables and a binary outcome, expressing results as odds ratios.
Longitudinal Design
A study design following the same individuals over an extended period with repeated measurements, establishing the timing of exposures and outcomes.
Lorenz Curve
A graph plotting the cumulative share of total income against the cumulative share of population, ranked poorest to richest, showing distribution.
Loss of Significance
The reduction in numerical accuracy caused by subtracting or combining nearly equal values, resulting in the loss of meaningful digits.
LU Decomposition
A matrix factorisation method that expresses a square matrix as the product of a lower triangular matrix and an upper triangular matrix.
Machine Precision
The smallest difference between two numbers that can be reliably distinguished by a computer's arithmetic system.
Magnitude Estimation
A psychophysical scaling method in which respondents assign numbers to stimuli reflecting their perceived relative magnitude compared to a reference stimulus.
Main Effect
The portion of output variance attributable to a single input parameter considered on its own, distinguished from its interaction effects with others.