DALY Calculation Method
The methodology used to compute disability-adjusted life years, combining years of life lost to premature death with years lived with disability, weighted by severity.
Encyclopaedia
Explore comprehensive, evidence-informed explanations of key health economics concepts, including their development, application and relationships to other concepts. Published entries are validated through human expert review.
Concepts, entries and ontology terms
A concept page is a published entry on the wiki. Some concepts also have a full encyclopaedia article. The Health Economics Ontology (HEO) holds every concept, including dictionary terms without an article, so it is larger than the list of published pages. The knowledge graph shows how concepts relate to each other.
Data Analytics
Data analytics is the use of statistical and computational methods on health data to describe what happened, predict outcomes and guide decisions.
Data Envelopment Analysis
Data envelopment analysis (DEA) is a linear programming method that scores hospitals and other health care units on technical efficiency against peers.
Data Exclusivity
Data exclusivity is the period after a medicine's first approval in which generic or biosimilar applicants may not rely on the originator's trial data.
Data Extraction
Data extraction is the recording of study details and results on a structured form for use in a systematic review, meta-analysis or economic model.
Data Governance
Data governance is the set of rules, roles and controls that decides who may access and use health data, for what purpose and under which safeguards.
Data Mining
Data mining is the computational search of large health datasets, such as claims or patient records, for patterns that were not specified in advance.
Data Pipeline
A data pipeline is an automated analysis workflow that moves health data from source systems through cleaning and checks into inputs for economic models.
Data Pooling
Data pooling is the statistical combining of results from several studies into one summary estimate, usually weighting each study by its precision.
Data Quality
Data quality is the fitness of data for a specific use in health research or HTA, judged by completeness, accuracy, consistency, timeliness and relevance.
Data Safety Monitoring Board
Data Safety Monitoring Board (DSMB) is an independent committee that reviews unblinded interim trial data and advises whether to continue, change or stop.
Data Security
Data security is the set of technical, physical and administrative safeguards that keep health data confidential, unaltered and available when needed.
Days in Accounts Receivable
Days in accounts receivable (AR days) is a provider's net receivables divided by average daily net patient revenue, giving days of revenue still unpaid.
De-Identification
De-identification is the removal or alteration of identifiers in health data, such as names, exact dates and postcodes, to lower re-identification risk.
Deadweight Loss
Deadweight loss is the net loss of total surplus when a tax, subsidy, market power or insurance drives a wedge between price and marginal cost.
Death Spiral
A death spiral is a cycle in which rising health insurance premiums drive lower-risk members out, raising the pool's average cost and the next premium.
Decentralization
Decentralization is the transfer of authority over health financing, purchasing or delivery from central government to regional, local or other bodies.
Decision
A decision in health economics is a choice between alternative uses of health care resources, such as funding a technology, informed by evidence.
Decision Aid
A decision aid is a tool that helps patients choose between treatment or screening options by setting out benefits and harms and clarifying their values.
Decision Algorithm
A decision algorithm is a fixed sequence of explicit rules that turns evidence into a decision, such as an outcome-level HTA benefit grade or a test order.