Branching Logic
Branching logic is the set of if-then rules that route a health survey respondent, or a patient in a decision model, by earlier answers or chance events.
Encyclopaedia
Explore comprehensive, evidence-informed explanations of key health economics concepts, including their development, application and relationships to other concepts. Published entries are validated through human expert review.
Concepts, entries and ontology terms
A concept page is a published entry on the wiki. Some concepts also have a full encyclopaedia article. The Health Economics Ontology (HEO) holds every concept, including dictionary terms without an article, so it is larger than the list of published pages. The knowledge graph shows how concepts relate to each other.
Break-Even Analysis
Break-even analysis finds the price, effect or volume at which a health technology or service becomes cost-effective, cost-neutral or self-financing.
Breast Cancer Screening
Breast Cancer Screening is regular mammography of women without symptoms to cut deaths, judged economically against overdiagnosis and cost per QALY.
Brier Score
The Brier score is the mean squared difference between predicted risks and observed binary outcomes, used to judge prediction models; lower is better.
Budget Allocation
Budget allocation is the division of a fixed health budget between areas or programmes, using needs-based formulae, priority setting or optimisation.
Budget Approval
The authorised decision to allocate or permit specified spending for a defined health purpose, budget holder and period, often with explicit conditions.
Budget Cap
Budget cap is a preset ceiling on what a payer will spend on a sector, provider or medicines bill, enforced by fixed budgets, tariff cuts or rebates.
Budget Constraint
Budget constraint is the limit that a fixed budget and given costs place on what can be bought, so funding one health programme means forgoing another.
Budget Control
Budget control is the in-year monitoring of health spending against an approved budget, tracing variances to price or volume and acting to stay within it.
Budget Cycle
Budget Cycle is the yearly sequence of formulation, approval, execution and review by which government health budgets are set, spent and audited.
Budget Envelope
Budget Envelope is the fixed total set in advance for a health sector, programme or fund, within which detailed spending and coverage choices must fit.
Budget Execution
Budget execution is the stage of the budget cycle in which an approved health budget is released, committed and spent, tracked by its execution rate.
Budget Impact
Budget impact is the change in spending a budget holder can expect from adopting a health technology or policy, estimated by budget impact analysis.
Budget Impact Analysis
Budget impact analysis (BIA) estimates how adopting a new health technology would change spending for a particular budget holder over the next few years.
Budget Impact Model
Budget Impact Model is the calculation tool that forecasts a payer's yearly spending with and without a new health technology, usually over 1 to 5 years.
Budget Impact Modelling
Budget impact modelling is the practice of building, testing and documenting a model of how a new health technology changes a payer's yearly spending.
Budget Planning
Budget planning is forecasting a health organisation's activity, costs and income for the next period and setting a spending plan before approval.
Bundled Payment
Bundled payment pays a single price for all services in a defined episode of care, such as surgery and recovery, often spanning several providers.
Burden of Illness
Burden of Illness is the total health loss and economic cost a disease imposes on a population, measured in cases, deaths, DALYs and money.
CADTH
CADTH is the former name of Canada's Drug Agency (CDA-AMC), which assesses drugs and health technologies and advises Canada's public drug plans on funding.