D-Efficient Design
An experimental design for a discrete choice experiment built to minimise the statistical variance of estimated attribute parameters for a fixed number of tasks.
Encyclopaedia
Explore comprehensive, evidence-informed explanations of key health economics concepts, including their development, application and relationships to other concepts. Published entries are validated through human expert review.
DALY Calculation Method
The methodology used to compute disability-adjusted life years, combining years of life lost to premature death with years lived with disability, weighted by severity.
Data Envelopment Analysis
A non-parametric method measuring relative efficiency of comparable units, such as hospitals, by identifying a best-practice frontier all units are measured against.
Days Cash on Hand
A financial ratio measuring how many days an organisation could cover its operating expenses using only available cash reserves, without extra revenue.
Days in Accounts Receivable
A financial metric measuring the average days it takes an organisation to collect payment after billing, an indicator of collections efficiency.
Deadweight Loss
The loss of total economic welfare when a market does not operate at its efficient equilibrium, such as due to a tax or monopoly.
Debt Ratio
A financial ratio calculated as total liabilities divided by total assets, showing the proportion of assets financed through debt rather than equity.
Decile
A descriptive statistic dividing a ranked dataset into ten equal-sized groups, the first decile being the bottom ten percent and the tenth the top.
Decision Algorithm
A structured framework guiding how an assessment body should weigh and combine evidence and criteria to reach a final recommendation.
Decision Curve Analysis
A method evaluating a diagnostic or prognostic model's clinical value by calculating its net benefit across a range of possible intervention thresholds.
Decision Making
The cognitive process of selecting a course of action from alternatives using preferences, evidence, constraints and anticipated consequences.
Decision Node
A point in a decision tree at which a choice must be made between two or more strategies, unlike a chance node.
Decision Rule
A decision rule is an explicit criterion for choosing between healthcare interventions by comparing their incremental costs and health effects with the relevant cost-effectiveness threshold.
Decision Tree
A decision tree is a branching decision-analytic model that represents choices, uncertain events and terminal outcomes so the expected costs and consequences of alternative strategies can be calculated.
Delayed Entry
A survival analysis situation in which an individual is only observed from some point later than a common natural starting point, such as diagnosis.
Delta Adjustment
A sensitivity analysis technique shifting the assumed outcome for patients with missing trial data by a specified amount to test conclusions' robustness.
Delta Method
A statistical technique approximating the variance of a function of random variables using a Taylor series expansion, used for ratios such as the ICER.
Demand
The quantity of a good or service consumers are willing and able to purchase at a given price over a specified period.
Demand Curve
A graph showing the relationship between price and quantity demanded, typically sloping downward as consumers buy less when price rises.
Demand for Health
An economic framework in which individuals demand health as a valued and productive stock, while healthcare, personal time and other inputs are demanded partly because they can maintain or improve that stock.