Formulary
A formulary is the list of prescription drugs that a health plan or other insurance plan offering drug benefits covers, also called a drug list.
Encyclopaedia
Explore comprehensive, evidence-informed explanations of key health economics concepts, including their development, application and relationships to other concepts. Published entries are validated through human expert review.
Concepts, entries and ontology terms
A concept page is a published entry on the wiki. Some concepts also have a full encyclopaedia article. The Health Economics Ontology (HEO) holds every concept, including dictionary terms without an article, so it is larger than the list of published pages. The knowledge graph shows how concepts relate to each other.
Friction Cost Method
The friction cost method values productivity lost to illness or death only for the time an employer needs to replace the worker and restore output.
Hale Calculation
The process of computing health-adjusted life expectancy, combining mortality data with health state prevalence and severity weights into one summary measure.
Health State Utility Value
A health state utility value (HSUV) is the preference-based weight given to a health state, with full health at 1 and dead at 0, used to calculate QALYs.
Health State Valuation
Health state valuation is the measurement of people's preferences for described health states, giving the utility values used in cost-utility analysis.
Health-Adjusted Life Year
Health-adjusted life years (HALYs) are a family of measures, such as the QALY and DALY, that combine length of life and health status in one number.
Health-Related Quality of Life
Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is the effect of illness and treatment on a person's physical, psychological and social life, used to weight QALYs.
Healthy Life Expectancy
Healthy life expectancy (HLE) is the average number of years a person is expected to live in good health, given current rates of death and ill health.
Healthy Year Equivalent
A healthy year equivalent (HYE) is the number of years in full health a person values as highly as a lifetime health profile, an alternative to the QALY.
ICECAP-A
ICECAP-A is a self-report capability wellbeing measure for adults, with five attributes scored on UK index values, for economic evaluation beyond health.
ICECAP-O
ICECAP-O is a five-attribute capability wellbeing measure for people aged 65 and over, with UK index values for evaluating health and social care.
Incremental Cost-Utility Ratio
The incremental cost-utility ratio (ICUR) is the ICER of a cost-utility analysis: extra cost over a comparator divided by extra QALYs gained.
Indirect Utility Assessment
Indirect utility assessment derives health state utilities by scoring patients' answers to a questionnaire such as the EQ-5D with a published value set.
Interval Scaling
Interval scaling means equal score differences reflect equal differences in health or preference, with an arbitrary zero, so ratios of scores mean nothing.
Karnofsky Performance Status
Karnofsky Performance Status is a clinician-rated 11-level score of a cancer patient's function, 100 normal and 0 dead, used to set treatment eligibility.
Katz ADL Index
Katz ADL Index is a rating of independence in six basic activities of daily living, used to define dependency in trials and care models for older people.
Life Expectancy
Life expectancy is the average number of further years people of a given age would live under stated death rates, a core input to health economic models.
Malmquist Index
The Malmquist index measures change in hospital or health system productivity between two periods, split into catch-up to best practice and frontier shift.
Managed Entry Agreement
A managed entry agreement (MEA) lets a payer fund a new medicine on terms agreed with its maker, such as a discount, payment by results or data collection.
Mapping Function
A mapping function is a fitted equation predicting a preference-based utility such as EQ-5D from clinical or other outcome scores, to estimate QALYs.