Artificial Intelligence in Health
Artificial intelligence in health is software that infers predictions or decisions from data, valued in HTA by its effect on costs and outcomes.
Encyclopaedia
Explore comprehensive, evidence-informed explanations of key health economics concepts, including their development, application and relationships to other concepts. Published entries are validated through human expert review.
Concepts, entries and ontology terms
A concept page is a published entry on the wiki. Some concepts also have a full encyclopaedia article. The Health Economics Ontology (HEO) holds every concept, including dictionary terms without an article, so it is larger than the list of published pages. The knowledge graph shows how concepts relate to each other.
ASMR Rating
The ASMR rating is the French HAS grade, from major (I) to none (V), of how much a medicine improves on existing treatments, used to frame its price.
Assent
Assent is a child's affirmative agreement to join research, such as a paediatric trial supplying HTA evidence, given alongside parental permission.
Assessment
Assessment in HTA is the evidence-review step before appraisal: analysts critically evaluate a technology's clinical and cost-effectiveness evidence.
Attachment Point
An attachment point is the claims level at which stop-loss insurance or health reinsurance starts to pay, per person (specific) or per group (aggregate).
Attribution
Attribution is the assignment of patients to a provider so that their spending and quality of care count towards its performance in value-based payment.
Audit and Feedback
Audit and feedback (A&F) is a quality improvement strategy that measures clinicians' practice against a target and returns the results to prompt change.
Autonomy
Autonomy is the ethical principle that people able to decide may make informed, voluntary choices about their own care, weighed in HTA ethical analysis.
Average Length of Stay
Average length of stay (ALOS) is the mean number of days inpatients spend in hospital: total bed-days divided by discharges over the same period.
Balance Billing
Balance billing is a provider billing a patient for the gap between its full charge and the insurer's allowed amount, on top of normal cost sharing.
Balance Billing Protection
Balance billing protection is a legal rule that stops providers billing insured patients above in-network cost sharing, as under the US No Surprises Act.
Balanced Scorecard
The balanced scorecard (BSC) is a management tool linking a health care organisation's financial, patient, process and staff measures to its strategy.
Barrier to Implementation
A barrier to implementation is a factor, such as cost or staffing, that limits uptake of an effective health intervention, so health gains go unrealised.
Base Rate
Base rate is the standard payment per unit of case weight in prospective hospital payment, adjusted for local costs and multiplied by a stay's DRG weight.
Bed Capacity
Bed capacity is the number of staffed hospital beds immediately available for admitted patients, often reported per 1,000 population as a supply measure.
Bed Turnover
Bed turnover is the number of discharges, including deaths, per available hospital bed over a period, using the average number of beds available.
Behaviour Change
Behaviour change is a lasting shift in health-related actions such as smoking, diet or physical activity, pursued by policy to cut disease and its costs.
Behavioural Health Carve-Out
A behavioural health carve-out is an insurance arrangement that finances and manages mental health and substance use services under a separate contract.
Benchmark Comparison
Benchmark comparison assesses a health care provider's measured performance against a reference level, such as a peer average, best practice or a target.
Benchmark Development
Benchmark development is the process of deriving from provider data the level of health care quality or outcomes used to judge performance and set targets.