SPARQL
SPARQL is the W3C query language and protocol for RDF graphs, used in health economics to retrieve linked facts such as trial arms, codes and unit costs.
Encyclopaedia
Explore comprehensive, evidence-informed explanations of key health economics concepts, including their development, application and relationships to other concepts. Published entries are validated through human expert review.
Concepts, entries and ontology terms
A concept page is a published entry on the wiki. Some concepts also have a full encyclopaedia article. The Health Economics Ontology (HEO) holds every concept, including dictionary terms without an article, so it is larger than the list of published pages. The knowledge graph shows how concepts relate to each other.
Stop-Loss
Stop-loss is insurance that reimburses health claims above an agreed attachment point, limiting what a self-funded employer pays for one member or a group.
Technological Imperative
Technological imperative is the pressure in health care to adopt and use a new medical technology because it exists, whatever its cost or added benefit.
Text Embedding
A text embedding is a numerical vector a trained model assigns to a word or passage so similar meanings lie close, used to search and screen HTA evidence.
Throughput
Throughput is the number of patients or care episodes a health service completes per unit of time, such as discharges per day, counted at a defined exit.
Transaction Cost
A transaction cost is the cost of finding, negotiating, monitoring and enforcing an exchange, such as a health service contract, beyond the price paid.
Trend Analysis
Trend analysis estimates the long-run rise or fall in a health indicator over time, separating its underlying direction from seasonal and random variation.
Unmet Need
Unmet need is health care a person needed but did not receive; in drug regulation, unmet medical need is a condition without adequate treatment.
Urgent Care
Urgent care is same-day treatment for illness or injury that needs prompt attention but is not an emergency, often given outside an emergency department.
Vaccination Policy
Vaccination policy is how a government decides which vaccines its immunisation programme funds, for whom and when, and how doses are bought and delivered.
Vector Database
A vector database is a database that stores embeddings and returns the items nearest a query vector, used to search guidance and trial text by meaning.
Web Ontology Language
Web Ontology Language (OWL) is a W3C standard ontology language whose formal logic lets software check and infer links between health economic concepts.
Years of Life Lost
Years of life lost (YLL) measure premature mortality as deaths times standard remaining life expectancy at the age of death, the fatal part of the DALY.