Health Production Function
A health production function shows how medical care, other market goods and own time produce health, with education raising efficiency (Grossman model).
Encyclopaedia
Explore comprehensive, evidence-informed explanations of key health economics concepts, including their development, application and relationships to other concepts. Published entries are validated through human expert review.
Concepts, entries and ontology terms
A concept page is a published entry on the wiki. Some concepts also have a full encyclopaedia article. The Health Economics Ontology (HEO) holds every concept, including dictionary terms without an article, so it is larger than the list of published pages. The knowledge graph shows how concepts relate to each other.
Health State Utility Value
A health state utility value (HSUV) is the preference-based weight given to a health state, with full health at 1 and dead at 0, used to calculate QALYs.
Health State Valuation
Health state valuation is the measurement of people's preferences for described health states, giving the utility values used in cost-utility analysis.
Health-Adjusted Life Year
Health-adjusted life years (HALYs) are a family of measures, such as the QALY and DALY, that combine length of life and health status in one number.
Health-Related Quality of Life
Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is the effect of illness and treatment on a person's physical, psychological and social life, used to weight QALYs.
Healthcare Production Function
A healthcare production function gives the maximum care output, such as visits or hospital episodes, obtainable from given staff, capital and technology.
Healthy Year Equivalent
A healthy year equivalent (HYE) is the number of years in full health a person values as highly as a lifetime health profile, an alternative to the QALY.
Horizontal Equity
Horizontal equity is equal treatment of equals in health care: equal care for people in equal need and equal payments from those with equal ability to pay.
Human Capital Approach
The human capital approach values production lost to illness, disability or early death as the paid and unpaid output the person would have produced.
Hyperbolic Discounting
Hyperbolic discounting is time preference in which the discount rate falls as delay grows, so plans made for later are often reversed when the time comes.
ICECAP-A
ICECAP-A is a self-report capability wellbeing measure for adults, with five attributes scored on UK index values, for economic evaluation beyond health.
ICECAP-O
ICECAP-O is a five-attribute capability wellbeing measure for people aged 65 and over, with UK index values for evaluating health and social care.
Incentive Compatible Mechanism
An incentive compatible mechanism is a mechanism design rule under which each player, such as a hospital or survey respondent, does best by being truthful.
Income Elasticity of Demand
Income elasticity of demand is the percentage change in demand for a good, such as health care, divided by the percentage change in income.
Incremental Cost
Incremental cost is the difference in expected total cost between a healthcare option and its comparator, the numerator of the ICER in economic evaluation.
Incremental Cost-Effectiveness Ratio (ICER)
The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) is a treatment's extra cost divided by its extra health gain versus a comparator, such as cost per QALY.
Incremental Cost-Utility Ratio
The incremental cost-utility ratio (ICUR) is the ICER of a cost-utility analysis: extra cost over a comparator divided by extra QALYs gained.
Incremental Effectiveness
Incremental effectiveness is the difference in health outcomes between an intervention and its comparator, calculated in a consistent outcome unit and comparison direction.
Incremental Net Benefit
The difference in expected net benefit between two competing interventions, found by converting the incremental health effect into money and subtracting incremental cost.
Incremental Net Monetary Benefit
Incremental net monetary benefit (INMB) is the extra health of an option over its comparator, valued at a threshold, minus the extra cost, per patient.