Fixed Effect ModelCommon-Effect Model, Fixed-Effect Meta-Analysis
A meta-analysis model assuming all included studies estimate the same true effect, with observed variation attributed entirely to sampling error.
Evidence Synthesis
Terms for finding, appraising and pooling research evidence, including systematic review and network meta-analysis.
- Topic: Evidence Synthesis
- 38 terms
- Editor reviewed
Forest PlotForest Diagram, Blobbogram
A graphical display presenting each study's estimate and confidence interval alongside a meta-analysis's overall pooled result, typically as horizontal lines and a diamond.
Funnel PlotFunnel Diagram, Precision-Effect Plot
A scatter plot assessing potential publication bias by plotting each study's effect estimate against its precision, expecting symmetry if unbiased.
GRADEGrading of Recommendations Assessment Development and Evaluation, Evidence Certainty Framework
An abbreviation for the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation framework, a widely adopted system for rating evidence certainty.
I-SquaredI2 Statistic, Higgins I2
A statistic quantifying the percentage of total variation across studies in a meta-analysis attributable to genuine heterogeneity rather than chance.
InconsistencyDirect-Indirect Discrepancy, Evidence Discordance
Within network meta-analysis, a discrepancy between direct and indirect evidence for the same comparison, indicating the two sources disagree.
Indirect ComparisonAnchored Comparison, Bucher Method, Indirect Treatment Comparison, ITC
A method estimating the relative effect of two treatments never studied against each other directly, using their separate effects versus a shared comparator.
Indirect EvidenceIndirect NMA Evidence, Chained Evidence
Within network meta-analysis, evidence comparing two treatments derived through a chain of comparisons via a common comparator, not from direct trials.