ReQoL-UI
ReQoL-UI is a preference-based index scoring seven ReQoL items as utilities, so mental health studies can estimate QALYs for cost-utility analysis.
Encyclopaedia
Explore comprehensive, evidence-informed explanations of key health economics concepts, including their development, application and relationships to other concepts. Published entries are validated through human expert review.
Concepts, entries and ontology terms
A concept page is a published entry on the wiki. Some concepts also have a full encyclopaedia article. The Health Economics Ontology (HEO) holds every concept, including dictionary terms without an article, so it is larger than the list of published pages. The knowledge graph shows how concepts relate to each other.
Resource
Resource, in health economics, means any scarce input such as staff time, medicines, beds or equipment, whose use in one place denies it to other uses.
Resource Description Framework
Resource Description Framework (RDF) is a W3C data standard holding statements as subject, predicate and object triples, so health datasets can merge.
Resource-Based Relative Value
A methodology determining physician reimbursement based on a standardised measure of resources required, incorporating work, practice expense, and malpractice risk.
Response Level
Response level is one of the ordered answer categories of an instrument dimension or item, such as the five levels of each EQ-5D-5L dimension.
Response Surface Methodology
Response surface methodology fits a polynomial to planned runs of a health economic model so outputs such as net benefit can be predicted and optimised.
Responsiveness
Responsiveness is the ability of a health outcome measure, such as a PROM or utility instrument, to detect real change over time in the health it measures.
Restricted Cubic Spline
A restricted cubic spline is a smooth piecewise cubic function of a continuous predictor constrained to be linear beyond its outer knots, allowing regression models to represent nonlinear associations without prescribing one global polynomial shape.
Restricted Mean Survival Time
Restricted mean survival time (RMST) is the mean event-free time up to a set horizon, the area under the survival curve, used to compare treatments in HTA.
Retrieval-Augmented Generation
Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) is an NLP method in which a language model answers using passages fetched from a chosen library, such as HTA reports.
Retrospective Risk Adjustment
Retrospective risk adjustment recalculates health plan or provider payments after a coverage period ends, using diagnoses and costs from that period.
Return on Assets
Return on assets (ROA) is net income divided by average total assets, a ratio used to judge how well hospitals and health systems use their assets.
Return on Equity
Return on equity (ROE) is net income divided by owners' equity, used in health economics to judge the profitability of hospitals, insurers and drug firms.
Return on Investment
Return on investment (ROI) is a health programme's monetary benefits minus its costs, divided by its costs, reported as a ratio or a percentage.
Reynolds-Smolensky
The Reynolds-Smolensky index measures how far a tax or health care payment changes income inequality, comparing inequality before and after the payment.
Right Censoring
Right censoring occurs when follow-up ends before a patient's event, such as death, so the survival time is known only to exceed the last time observed.
Risk Adjustment
Risk adjustment uses age, diagnoses and other patient data to predict expected health care costs or outcomes, to set insurer payments or compare providers.
Risk Aversion
Risk aversion is a preference for a sure outcome over a gamble with the same expected value, seen in health insurance demand and cautious treatment choice.
Risk Evaluation
A formal assessment of a drug's potential safety risks, sometimes resulting in a required mitigation strategy such as restricted distribution or mandatory counselling.
Risk Pooling
Risk pooling is the sharing of prepaid health funds across a covered population, so the cost of care is borne by all members, not by those who fall ill.