Dictionary
The Dictionary provides concise definitions of health economics terms, arranged alphabetically for quick reference. Use it to understand unfamiliar terminology or confirm the meaning of a specific term.
C
- Cataract EconomicsCataract Surgery Economics, Lens Replacement Economics
- The application of health economic evaluation to cataract surgery, one of the world's most commonly performed procedures, comparing techniques and lens choices.
- Chagas Disease EconomicsChagas Economics, American Trypanosomiasis Economics
- The application of health economic evaluation to Chagas disease, a parasitic infection endemic to Latin America causing serious cardiac and gastrointestinal complications untreated.
- Chemotherapy EconomicsChemo Economics, Cytotoxic Therapy Economics
- The application of health economic evaluation to cytotoxic cancer treatment regimens, comparing different protocols and their combination with newer treatment modalities.
- Chikungunya EconomicsCHIKV Economics, Chikungunya Fever Economics
- The application of health economic evaluation to chikungunya, a mosquito-borne viral infection causing severe and sometimes prolonged joint pain.
- Child Mental Health EconomicsPaediatric Mental Health Economics, Child Psychiatry Economics
- The application of health economic evaluation to mental health conditions and interventions specific to children, spanning developmental, behavioural, and emotional disorders.
- Cholecystitis EconomicsGallbladder Inflammation Economics, Cholecystitis Cost Analysis
- The application of health economic evaluation to gallbladder inflammation, comparing timing and approach to surgical removal against conservative medical management.
- Chronic Disease EconomicsChronic Illness Economics, NCD Economics
- The application of health economic evaluation to long-lasting, non-communicable conditions such as diabetes and heart disease, typically using long time horizons.
- Chronic Pain EconomicsPersistent Pain Economics, Chronic Pain Cost Analysis
- The application of health economic evaluation to chronic pain, comparing medication, physical therapy, interventional procedures, and multidisciplinary pain management.
- Clinical PracticeClinical Care, Medical Practice
- In health economics, the delivery of care to patients by health professionals, the real-world setting whose effectiveness, costs and variation health economic evaluation seeks to inform.
- Clostridium EconomicsC. difficile Economics, CDI Economics
- The application of health economic evaluation to Clostridium infections, notably Clostridioides difficile, a common and costly healthcare-associated diarrhoeal illness.
- Coeliac Disease EconomicsCeliac Disease Economics, Gluten Enteropathy Economics
- The application of health economic evaluation to coeliac disease, an autoimmune condition triggered by gluten, covering diagnosis and lifelong gluten-free diet cost.
- Colorectal EconomicsColorectal Disease Economics, Bowel Economics
- The application of health economic evaluation to conditions affecting the colon and rectum, spanning cancer screening, inflammatory bowel disease, and diverticular disease.
- Communication PlanComms Plan, Evidence Dissemination Plan
- A strategic document outlining how health economic evaluation results and clinical evidence will be communicated to payers, clinicians, and patients.
- Community Mental Health EconomicsCommunity Psychiatry Economics, CMH Economics
- The application of health economic evaluation to community-based mental health service delivery, comparing cost and outcomes against institutional psychiatric care.
- Companion Diagnostic EconomicsCompanion Diagnostic Cost-Effectiveness, CDx Economics
- The application of health economic evaluation to diagnostic tests developed alongside a specific targeted cancer therapy, identifying patients likely to benefit.
- ComparatorControl Intervention, Reference Arm
- The alternative intervention, treatment, or strategy against which a new option is evaluated in an economic evaluation.
- Comparator SelectionComparator Choice, Choice of Comparator
- The process of identifying the appropriate existing treatment against which a new technology will be evaluated within an economic evaluation.
- COPD EconomicsChronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Economics, COPD Cost-Effectiveness
- The application of health economic evaluation to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, comparing inhaled medication, pulmonary rehabilitation, and severe-case interventions.
- Coronary Artery Disease EconomicsCAD Economics, Ischaemic Heart Disease Economics
- The application of health economic evaluation to narrowed or blocked coronary arteries, comparing medication, percutaneous intervention, and surgical revascularisation.
- Coronary Disease EconomicsCoronary Heart Disease Economics, CHD Economics
- The application of health economic evaluation to conditions from narrowed or blocked coronary arteries, covering prevention, diagnosis, and treatment.
- Cost IdentificationCost Categorisation, Cost Inclusion Decision
- The process of determining which categories of resource use should be included in an economic evaluation before quantities and unit costs are measured.
- Cost MeasurementCost Quantification, Resource Costing
- The process of quantifying the resources consumed by a health intervention in monetary terms, forming the empirical foundation of economic evaluation.
- Cost-Benefit AnalysisCBA, Benefit-Cost Analysis
- Cost-benefit analysis is a full economic evaluation that values the differences in the costs and consequences of healthcare alternatives in monetary terms so that their net social value can be compared.
- Cost-Utility AnalysisCUA, QALY-Based Cost-Effectiveness
- Cost-utility analysis is a full economic evaluation that compares healthcare alternatives by relating differences in their costs to differences in preference-weighted health outcomes, most commonly quality-adjusted life years.
- COVID EconomicsCOVID-19 Economics, Coronavirus Economics
- The application of health economic evaluation to COVID-19, covering vaccination programmes, treatment strategies, and public health interventions such as testing.
- CRE EconomicsCarbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae Economics, CRE Cost-Effectiveness
- The application of health economic evaluation to carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae infections, a highly drug-resistant bacterial group posing a serious resistance threat.
- Critical Care EconomicsIntensive Care Economics, ICU Economics
- The application of health economic evaluation to intensive care unit treatment and staffing, an area marked by exceptionally high per-patient costs.
- Crohn Disease EconomicsCrohn's Disease Economics, IBD Economics
- The application of health economic evaluation to Crohn's disease, comparing conventional immunosuppressive therapy against newer, more targeted biologic treatments.
- Cryptococcosis EconomicsCryptococcal Infection Economics, Cryptococcal Meningitis Economics
- The application of health economic evaluation to cryptococcal fungal infections, which can cause severe illness particularly in immunocompromised patients such as those with advanced HIV.
- CVD Diagnosis EconomicsCardiovascular Diagnosis Economics, CVD Diagnostic Cost-Effectiveness
- The application of health economic evaluation to cardiovascular diagnostic strategies, comparing cost and accuracy across stress testing, imaging, and biomarker panels.
- CVD Prevention EconomicsCardiovascular Prevention Economics, CVD Prevention Cost-Effectiveness
- The application of health economic evaluation to cardiovascular disease prevention, spanning lifestyle programmes, preventive medication, and population health policy.
- CVD Screening EconomicsCardiovascular Screening Economics, CVD Screening Cost-Effectiveness
- The application of health economic evaluation to cardiovascular screening programmes for asymptomatic populations, accounting for both true and false test results.
- CVD Treatment EconomicsCardiovascular Treatment Economics, CVD Therapy Cost-Effectiveness
- The application of health economic evaluation to the full range of treatments for established cardiovascular disease, including medication, procedures, and surgery.
D
- Decision Rule ApplicationRule Application, Threshold Application
- The process of applying a predetermined criterion, such as a cost-effectiveness threshold, to an economic evaluation's results to reach a funding recommendation.
- Defibrillator EconomicsICD Economics, ICD Cost-Effectiveness
- The application of health economic evaluation to implantable cardioverter-defibrillators, weighing device and implant cost against preventing sudden cardiac death.
- Delirium EconomicsDelirium Cost-Effectiveness, Acute Confusion Economics
- The application of health economic evaluation to delirium, an acute confusion state common among hospitalised older adults, linked to complications and cognitive decline.
- Dementia Care EconomicsDementia LTC Economics, Memory Care Economics
- The application of health economic evaluation to long-term care for dementia, covering home support, day care, and residential memory care.
- Dementia EconomicsDementia Cost-Effectiveness, Dementia HTA
- The broad application of health economic evaluation to dementia, covering diagnosis, disease-modifying and symptomatic treatment, and long-term care.
- Dengue EconomicsDengue Cost-Effectiveness, Dengue Fever Economics
- The application of health economic evaluation to dengue fever, a mosquito-borne viral infection endemic to many tropical and subtropical regions.
- Depression EconomicsDepression Cost-Effectiveness, Depression HTA
- The application of health economic evaluation to depression, comparing psychotherapy, pharmacological treatment, and combination approaches across varying disease severity.
- Dermatology EconomicsSkin Disease Economics, Economics of Dermatology
- The broad application of health economic evaluation to skin conditions and treatment, covering both medical dermatology and skin cancer.
- Diabetes EconomicsDiabetes Cost-Effectiveness, Diabetes HTA
- The application of health economic evaluation to diabetes prevention, diagnosis, and management, spanning medication, monitoring technology, and complication prevention.
- Dialysis EconomicsDialysis Cost-Effectiveness, Renal Replacement Economics
- The application of health economic evaluation to dialysis for kidney failure, comparing haemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis modalities and treatment settings.
- Differential DiscountingDifferential Discount Rates, Split-Rate Discounting
- The practice of applying different discount rates to costs and health outcomes within an economic evaluation, rather than discounting both at the same rate.
- Digital Health EconomicsDigital Health HTA, DHE
- The application of health economic evaluation to digital health technologies, including mobile apps, remote monitoring, and software-based clinical decision support.
- Diphtheria EconomicsDiphtheria Cost-Effectiveness, Diphtheria Vaccine Economics
- The application of health economic evaluation to diphtheria, a serious bacterial infection largely controlled through routine childhood vaccination.
- Discount Rate SelectionChoosing the Discount Rate, Rate Justification
- The methodological decision on which discount rate to apply in an economic evaluation, informed by the social opportunity cost of capital and relevant guidance.
- Discounting CostsCost Discounting, Present-Valuing Costs
- The application of a discount rate to future costs within an economic evaluation, converting them into a common present-day value.
- Discounting HealthHealth Outcome Discounting, Present-Valuing Benefits
- The application of a discount rate to future health outcomes within an economic evaluation, converting them into a common present-day value.
- Diverticulitis EconomicsDiverticulitis Cost-Effectiveness, Diverticular Disease Economics
- The application of health economic evaluation to diverticulitis, comparing outpatient antibiotic management against hospitalisation and, in severe cases, surgery.