Dictionary

T

Telehealth ServiceTermRemote Health Service, Virtual Care Service

A specific healthcare service delivered remotely using telecommunications technology, such as a video consultation with a provider.

TelemedicineTermTele-Medicine, Remote Clinical Care

The practice of delivering clinical healthcare services remotely using telecommunications technology, such as video conferencing, avoiding an in-person visit.

Telemedicine PlatformTermTelehealth Platform, Virtual Care Platform

The technological infrastructure and software enabling remote clinical consultations, covering video conferencing, secure data transmission, and record integration.

Telemedicine UtilityTermTelemedicine Value, Remote-Care Utility

An assessment of the clinical and economic value of delivering healthcare remotely, covering access, travel burden, and comparative effectiveness against in-person care.

Tender-Based PricingTermTendering, Competitive Tender Pricing

A procurement approach in which a payer solicits competitive bids from manufacturers, typically awarding supply to the lowest qualifying bidder.

Terminal NodeTermLeaf Node, End Node

The endpoint of a branch within a decision tree, where no further events are attached and final cost and outcome values are recorded.

Terminal WeaningTermVentilator Withdrawal, Terminal Extubation

The gradual or immediate withdrawal of mechanical ventilation or other life-sustaining treatment from a patient near the end of life.

Tertiary CareTermSpecialist Hospital Care, Tertiary-Level Care

Highly specialised care typically provided at a large hospital or academic centre, addressing complex conditions beyond secondary care capabilities.

Tertiary PreventionTermTertiary-Level Prevention, Complication Prevention

Preventive intervention aimed at reducing the impact of already established disease, such as rehabilitation preventing further complications or disability.

Tertiary Prevention EconomicsTermEconomics of Tertiary Prevention, Complication-Prevention Economics

The application of health economic evaluation to interventions reducing the impact of already established disease, such as rehabilitation preventing further complications.

Test SetTermHoldout Set, Test Data

A subset of data withheld from model building, used afterward to evaluate how well the model performs on data it has not seen.

Test StatisticTermTest Value, Test Quantity

A single numerical value calculated from sample data during a hypothesis test, used to judge whether to reject the null hypothesis.

Test-Retest ReliabilityConceptTest-Retest Stability, Temporal Reliability

The degree of agreement between scores from the same instrument given to the same people on two separate occasions, when no real change is expected.

TestingTermScenario Exercising, Error-Detection Run

The general process of systematically exercising a model with various inputs and scenarios to detect errors and confirm expected behaviour.

Tetanus EconomicsTermEconomics of Tetanus, Tetanus Vaccine Economics

The application of health economic evaluation to tetanus, a serious soil-borne bacterial infection largely preventable through vaccination.

Theil Index HealthConceptHealth Theil Index, Theil Inequality Measure

An information theory based inequality measure applied to a health outcome's distribution, decomposable into inequality within and between population subgroups.

Theory Of ConstraintsTermTOC, Constraints Management

A management philosophy identifying the single most limiting factor preventing greater throughput toward a goal, and focusing improvement there first.

Therapeutic AreaTermTreatment Area, Indication Area

A defined category of medical conditions or treatments, such as oncology, used to organise research, development, and assessment activities.

Therapeutic ClaimTermClinical Claim, Therapeutic Conclusion

Therapeutic claim, in a PBAC submission, classes a medicine as superior, non-inferior or inferior to its main comparator and sets the economic evaluation.

Therapeutic ClassTermDrug Class, Medication Class

A grouping of medications sharing a similar mechanism of action or used to treat the same condition, such as statins or beta-blockers.

Therapeutic CompetitionTermWithin-Class Competition, Treatment Competition

The competitive pressure exerted on a drug's pricing and market position by other treatments available for the same condition.

Therapeutic GoalTermTreatment Objective, Therapy Target, Treatment Goal

The specific clinical outcome a treatment strategy is intended to achieve, such as cure, symptom control, stabilisation, or preventing complications.

Therapeutic Group PremiumTermReference Group Premium, Therapeutic Reference Premium

The additional price a treatment commands over the reference price for its therapeutic group under internal reference pricing, requiring the difference paid separately.

Therapeutic IndexTermTherapeutic Ratio, Safety Margin Index

A drug's safety margin, calculated as the ratio between the dose that produces toxicity and the dose producing the desired effect.

Therapeutic InterchangeTermTherapeutic Swap, Protocol Substitution

Substituting a different medication within the same class for a prescribed drug, based on protocols indicating therapeutic equivalence, typically with physician notification.

Therapeutic MisconceptionTermTrial Misconception, Research Misconception

A phenomenon where a trial participant mistakenly believes their participation is meant to provide personalised treatment rather than generate scientific knowledge.

Therapeutic PrivilegeTermTherapeutic Exception, Physician Withholding

A limited, ethically contested exception to consent requirements in which a physician withholds information judged likely to cause significant psychological harm.

Therapeutic Reference PricingTermTherapeutic Class Reference Pricing, Class-Based Reference Pricing

A policy grouping drugs believed to produce similar therapeutic effects and setting one reference reimbursement level, encouraging use of the most cost-effective option.

Therapeutic ResponseTermTreatment Response Rate, Symptomatic Improvement

The degree to which a patient's condition improves following treatment, assessed using clinically relevant criteria specific to the disease treated.

Therapeutic ValueTermClinical Worth, Treatment Value

The clinical benefit a treatment provides for a condition, a core consideration within assessment frameworks that formally rate treatment benefit.

Third Party PerspectiveTermReimburser Viewpoint, Third-Payer Viewpoint

An analytic viewpoint including only costs and outcomes relevant to a third-party payer, such as an insurer, excluding costs borne directly by patients.

Third-Line TherapyTermThird-Line Treatment, Third-Line Regimen

A treatment used after both first-line and second-line treatments have failed to achieve adequate disease control or been discontinued.

Third-Party AdministratorTermTPA, Benefits Administrator

An organisation providing administrative services, such as claims processing, for a self-insured employer's plan, without bearing the claims' financial risk.

Third-Party PayerTermThird-Party Reimburser, Insurer-Payer

An entity, other than the patient or provider, that finances healthcare costs on behalf of a covered individual, such as an insurer.

Thoracic Surgery EconomicsTermChest Surgery Economics, Economics of Thoracic Surgery

The application of health economic evaluation to chest cavity surgery, including lung and oesophageal procedures, often comparing minimally invasive against open approaches.

Three-State ModelTermThree-Compartment Model, 3-State Markov Model

A simplified Markov structure with exactly three health states, commonly well, diseased, and death, used when a fuller structure is unnecessary.

Threshold AnalysisConceptThreshold Analysis Method, Switching-Value Analysis

A sensitivity analysis technique identifying the value at which an input parameter would need to be set for a model's conclusion to change.

Threshold ApproachTermThreshold Decision Rule, Cost-Effectiveness Cut-Off Rule

A decision-making method that classifies an intervention as cost-effective or not based on whether its ICER falls below a predetermined threshold.

Threshold CriterionTermThreshold Rule, Threshold Cut-Off

The specific cost-effectiveness benchmark an assessment body uses to judge whether a technology's ICER represents acceptable value for money.

Threshold PriceTermBreak-Even Price, Maximum Justifiable Price

The price at which a technology's ICER exactly equals a decision-maker's cost-effectiveness threshold, the maximum price still considered an acceptable use of resources.

Thrombectomy EconomicsTermEconomics of Thrombectomy, Clot-Retrieval Economics

The application of health economic evaluation to mechanical clot removal, most notably in emergency stroke treatment, generally found highly cost-effective.

Thrombolysis EconomicsTermEconomics of Thrombolysis, Clot-Buster Economics

The application of health economic evaluation to clot-dissolving medication used in emergency stroke and heart attack treatment, emphasising treatment speed.

Thrombosis EconomicsTermEconomics of Thrombosis, Blood-Clot Economics

The application of health economic evaluation to abnormal blood clot formation, spanning both venous and arterial thrombosis prevention and treatment.

ThroughputConceptOutput Rate, Processing Volume

Throughput is the number of defined service units completed across a specified process boundary per unit of time.

Throughput EfficiencyTermFlow Efficiency, Processing Efficiency

A measure of how effectively a process moves patients through their care journey relative to the time and resources consumed.

Thyroid Disease EconomicsTermEconomics of Thyroid Disease, Thyroid Disorder Economics

The application of health economic evaluation to thyroid conditions, covering both underactive and overactive function as well as thyroid cancer.

TIA EconomicsTermTransient Ischaemic Attack Economics, Mini-Stroke Economics

The application of health economic evaluation to transient ischaemic attacks, brief stroke-like episodes warning of future stroke risk, emphasising rapid diagnosis.

Tiered AlertTermGraded Alert, Severity-Graded Alert

A computerised clinical alert system categorising notifications by severity, presenting more urgent alerts more prominently than lower-priority ones.

Tiered CareTermGraduated Care Tiers, Layered Care

A delivery model organising services into distinct levels of intensity, matching patients to the tier appropriate for their current clinical needs.

Tiered NetworkTermTiered Provider Network, Layered Network

A plan design categorising in-network providers into tiers by cost or quality, with lower cost-sharing for preferred-tier providers.