ExtrapolationBeyond-Trial Projection, Time-Horizon Projection
Extrapolation projects outcomes beyond the range or follow-up directly observed in the available evidence.
Survival Analysis
Terms for analysing time-to-event data and extrapolating survival curves for use in economic models.
- Topic: Survival Analysis
- 38 terms
- Editor reviewed
Flexible Parametric ModelSpline-Based Survival Model, Flexible Hazard Model
A flexible parametric model is a fully specified regression model that represents a transformed survival function with smooth functions of time, commonly restricted cubic splines, so complex hazards and time-varying effects can be estimated and extrapolated.
Fractional PolynomialFP Model, Power-Transformation Model
A flexible modelling technique representing a non-linear relationship using a small number of power transformations of a continuous variable.
Generalized Gamma ModelGen-Gamma Survival Model, GG Model
A survival model based on the generalised gamma distribution, nesting simpler distributions, such as the Weibull and log-normal, within one framework.
Gompertz ModelGompertz Survival Model, Gompertz Hazard Model
A survival model based on the Gompertz distribution, assuming the hazard rate rises exponentially over time, a pattern common in age-related mortality.
Hazard RateInstantaneous Risk, Instantaneous Event Rate, Hazard Function
The instantaneous probability of an event at a specific point in time, given survival without the event up to then, on a continuous scale.
Hazard RatioHR, Relative Hazard
A hazard ratio compares the instantaneous rate of a specified event between two groups at the same time among individuals still at risk, with a constant value requiring a proportional-hazards interpretation.
Kaplan-Meier CurveKM Curve, Survival Step Function
A graphical display of the Kaplan-Meier survival estimate, shown as a step function that decreases at each observed event over time.