Dictionary
The Dictionary provides concise definitions of health economics terms, arranged alphabetically for quick reference. Use it to understand unfamiliar terminology or confirm the meaning of a specific term.
C
- Calibration
- The process of adjusting a model's unobserved or uncertain parameters so its predicted outputs match observed real-world data as closely as possible.
- Comparative Effectiveness Research
- Research directly comparing the benefits and harms of alternative methods for preventing, diagnosing, treating, or monitoring a condition, typically using real-world data.
E
- Evidence-Based Effectiveness Research
- Effectiveness research grounded in systematically collected real-world data rather than clinical impression or extrapolation from trial results.
- External Validity Assessment
- The formal process of testing whether a model's predictions match independent, real-world data not used in its original construction.
I
- IQVIA
- A multinational healthcare data analytics and clinical research organisation providing real-world data and technology services supporting health economic research.
P
- Predictive Validity
- The extent to which a model's forecasts about future events are later confirmed by observed real-world data.
- Predictive Validity Assessment
- The formal process of comparing a model's earlier forecasts against outcomes subsequently observed once real-world data became available.
R
- Real-World Data
- Data on patient health status or healthcare delivery routinely collected outside a traditional clinical trial, such as records, claims, and registries.
- Real-World Evidence
- Clinical evidence about a medical product's use, benefits, or risks derived from analysing real-world data, unlike evidence from a controlled trial.