Dictionary

R

ReimbursementTermCoverage Payment, Third-Party Payment

The payment made by a health insurer or payer to a healthcare provider for services rendered to a covered patient.

Reimbursement CommitteeTermCoverage Committee, Payer Decision Panel

A formally constituted body responsible for reviewing evidence and deciding whether and how a technology will be reimbursed.

Reimbursement DecisionTermCoverage Verdict, Reimbursement Verdict

The formal determination by a payer regarding whether, and under what conditions, a technology will be financially covered for a population.

Reimbursement DossierTermReimbursement File, Payer Dossier

A comprehensive document submitted by a manufacturer presenting clinical and economic evidence supporting a treatment's requested reimbursement status.

Reimbursement RestrictionTermFunding Restriction, Restricted Coverage

A coverage limitation, such as restricting a treatment to a patient subgroup or requiring prior therapy failure, to manage cost or ensure appropriate use.

Reimbursement SubmissionTermFunding Application, Coverage Dossier

A formal application requesting coverage or reimbursement for a new technology, supported by clinical and economic evidence.

ReinsuranceTermStop-Loss Cover, Insurer-of-Insurers

An arrangement in which an insurer transfers a portion of its financial risk to another insurer in exchange for a premium.

Reinsurance DesignTermReinsurance Structure, Cession Arrangement

The specific structure of a reinsurance arrangement, including the attachment point and the proportion of costs above it the reinsurer covers.

ReinvestmentTermReallocation of Savings, Savings Redirection

The use of funds generated by an investment, such as returns or savings, to fund further investment rather than distributing them elsewhere.

Rejection RegionTermCritical Region, Reject Zone

In hypothesis testing, the range of test statistic values for which the null hypothesis would be rejected in favour of the alternative.

Relapse-Free SurvivalConceptRFS, Relapse-Free Interval

A time-to-event measure defined as the time from treatment completion until disease recurrence or death, used for curative-intent treatments.

Related Future CostTermRelated Downstream Cost, In-Scope Future Spending

Future medical costs incurred in added years of life gained from treatment, arising from the same condition the original intervention addressed.

Relative Dose IntensityTermRDI, Delivered-Dose Ratio

A measure comparing the dose intensity a patient actually received to the originally planned, full dose intensity, expressed as a percentage.

Relative EffectivenessTermHead-to-Head Effectiveness, REA Result

A measure comparing how well a treatment performs against an alternative under real-world practice conditions, unlike relative efficacy measured under trial conditions.

Relative MeasureTermRatio Measure, Comparative Effect Metric

A measure of effect expressed as a ratio comparing two groups, such as relative risk, rather than as an absolute difference.

Relative RiskConceptRR, Risk Multiple

Relative risk compares the probability of an event in one group with the probability in another group over a defined period.

Relative Risk ReductionConceptRRR, Proportional Risk Reduction

The proportional reduction in risk associated with a treatment, calculated as one minus the relative risk, expressed as a percentage.

Relative SurvivalConceptPopulation-Adjusted Survival, Expected-Ratio Survival

A survival measure comparing observed survival in a population to expected survival in a comparable general population, without needing cause-of-death data.

Relative Survival ModelConceptExcess-Hazard Model, Population-Mortality Model

A statistical model estimating disease-specific survival by comparing observed survival against expected general population survival, without individual cause-of-death data.

Relative Value ScaleTermRVS, Resource-Based Value Scale

A system assigning a numerical value to each service reflecting its relative resource intensity, providing the structure for a standardised fee schedule.

Relative Value UnitConceptRVU, Service Value Unit

A relative value unit is a standardized weight assigned to a covered service component to represent its relative resource use within the US Medicare Physician Fee Schedule.

Relative WeightConceptCasemix Weight, Resource Intensity Weight

A numerical value assigned to a payment classification, such as a diagnosis-related group, reflecting its expected resource intensity relative to average.

Relevance AssessmentTermRelevance Appraisal, Applicability Appraisal

An evaluation of whether a model's structure, population, and outcome measures are appropriate for the specific decision question and audience it addresses.

Relevance CriterionTermRelevance Test, Pertinence Rule

A standard assessing whether a piece of evidence or consideration is genuinely pertinent to the specific decision being made.

Reliability AssessmentConceptReliability Testing, Reliability Evaluation

An evaluation of the consistency and reproducibility of an instrument's results, covering internal consistency, inter-rater, and test-retest reliability.

RemediationTermCorrective Measures, Performance Correction

The process of correcting an identified compliance deficiency and implementing measures to prevent its recurrence, typically following an audit finding.

Remembered UtilityTermRecalled Utility, Retrospective Utility

The retrospective evaluation a person gives of a past experience or health state, which can differ from the utility actually experienced at the time.

Reminder InterventionTermPrompt Intervention, Cue-Based Intervention

An intervention using prompts, such as text messages or letters, to counteract forgetting or procrastination in completing a task.

Reminder SystemTermAutomated Reminder Tool, Prompt System

A technology-based tool sending prompts to patients or providers to encourage a desired health-related action, such as taking medication.

RemissionTermSymptom-Free State, Disease Quiescence

A state in which cancer signs and symptoms have reduced or disappeared following treatment, which may be complete or partial.

Remote MonitoringTermRPM, Remote Patient Tracking

The use of connected devices and digital technology to track a patient's health status outside a traditional clinical setting.

REMSTermRisk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategy, Risk Mitigation Programme

Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategy, a required manufacturer safety programme for medications with serious safety concerns, such as restricted distribution.

Renal Dosing AlertTermKidney-Function Dose Alert, Renal Dose Warning

A computerised notification warning a prescriber that a proposed dose may need adjustment given a patient's reduced kidney function.

Renal ResponseTermKidney Response, Renal Improvement

A biomarker-based outcome measure indicating improvement in kidney function, such as reduced proteinuria or stabilised glomerular filtration rate.

Rent SeekingTermRent-Seeking Behaviour, Unproductive Profit-Seeking

The pursuit of increased wealth through manipulating the economic or political environment, rather than through creating new value via production.

Repeated MeasuresTermWithin-Subject Data, Repeated Observations

A study design in which the same outcome is measured multiple times on the same individuals, typically at different points in time.

Repeated Measures AnalysisTermRM-ANOVA, Within-Subject Analysis

A statistical approach analysing data in which the same outcome has been measured multiple times on the same individuals, accounting for correlation.

ReplicationTermSimulation Replications, Monte Carlo Runs

Running multiple independent repetitions of a stochastic simulation, each with its own randomly sampled numbers, to estimate output variability and confidence intervals.

Report WritingTermHTA Report Authoring, Technical Write-Up

The process of preparing the formal written documentation of an assessment's methods, evidence, analysis, and conclusions.

Reporting BiasTermSelective Disclosure, Outcome Suppression

A broad category of bias arising when selective reporting of research findings, at study or outcome level, systematically distorts available evidence.

Reporting ErrorTermReport Data Error, Misreporting

A mistake occurring when study results are inaccurately transcribed, summarised, or presented in a publication, distinct from errors in collection or analysis.

Reporting StandardsTermReporting Guidelines, Publication Standards

The requirements governing how research findings, positive and negative, must be documented and disclosed, to prevent selective reporting bias.

Representativeness ConceptTermRepresentativeness Heuristic, Similarity Judgment

A cognitive heuristic in which the probability of an event is judged by how closely it resembles a typical case rather than actual likelihood.

ReproducibilityTermResult Consistency, Independent Verifiability

The ability of an independent party to obtain the same results as originally reported by rebuilding or re-running a model using documented methods.

Reproducibility AssessmentTermReproducibility Check, Repeatability Evaluation

The formal process of testing whether an independent analyst, following a model's published methods, can obtain the same results as originally reported.

Reproducible ComputingTermReproducible Analysis, Computational Reproducibility

A computational approach that enables analyses to be repeated and produce consistent results using the same data, methods and software environment.

Reproduction NumberTermR Number, Reproduction Rate

A general term for the average number of secondary infections one infected individual produces, covering both the basic and effective reproduction numbers.

Reproductive EpidemiologyTermFertility Epidemiology, Reproductive-Health Epidemiology

A branch of epidemiology studying factors affecting human fertility, reproductive health, and reproductive outcomes within populations.

Reproductive Health EconomicsTermFertility Health Economics, Reproductive Care Economics

The application of health economic evaluation to family planning, fertility, and reproductive healthcare services across the reproductive lifespan.

ResamplingTermSample Reuse, Repeated Subsampling

A family of statistical methods that draw repeated samples from observed data to estimate uncertainty or validate models, including the bootstrap, jackknife and cross-validation.