Budget Planning
Budget planning is forecasting a health organisation's activity, costs and income for the next period and setting a spending plan before approval.
Encyclopaedia
Explore comprehensive, evidence-informed explanations of key health economics concepts, including their development, application and relationships to other concepts. Published entries are validated through human expert review.
Concepts, entries and ontology terms
A concept page is a published entry on the wiki. Some concepts also have a full encyclopaedia article. The Health Economics Ontology (HEO) holds every concept, including dictionary terms without an article, so it is larger than the list of published pages. The knowledge graph shows how concepts relate to each other.
Calibration
Calibration is the estimation of unobservable or uncertain parameters in a health economic model by adjusting them until model outputs match observed data.
Calibration of Experts
Calibration of Experts scores experts' probability judgements on seed questions with known answers, to weight their views on decision model inputs.
Cancer Burden
Cancer Burden is the toll of cancer on a population, counted as new cases, deaths and disability-adjusted life years, and often valued as economic cost.
Cancer Registry
Cancer Registry is an information system holding data on people with cancer, from tumour stage to treatment and survival, used to model survival in HTA.
Cancer Screening
Cancer Screening is testing symptom-free people to find cancer or precancer early, judged economically on deaths prevented against cost and overdiagnosis.
Capital Budget
Capital Budget is a health system's spending limit for long-lived assets such as hospitals, equipment and IT, kept apart from day-to-day running costs.
Capital Cost
Capital Cost is the cost of assets used for over a year, such as buildings and medical equipment, spread over their useful life in economic evaluation.
Capital Rationing
Capital rationing is a budget constraint on investment that leaves too little money to fund every health project with a positive net present value.
CAR-T Therapy
CAR-T Therapy is a one-off cancer treatment made from a patient's own T cells, engineered to attack the cancer; its high price rests on lasting remission.
Cardiac Rehabilitation
Cardiac Rehabilitation is supervised exercise, education and psychological care after a cardiac event; most economic evaluations find it cost-effective.
Cardinal Utility
Cardinal utility is utility measured on a scale where differences between values carry meaning, as expected utility and QALY calculations require.
Cash Budget
A cash budget is a period-by-period forecast of cash receipts and payments that shows when a health organisation will need financing or have spare cash.
Cash Flow
Cash flow is the money an organisation such as a hospital or health payer receives and pays out over a period, which can differ from its surplus or costs.
Categorical Data
Categorical data record which of a set of categories each observation falls in, such as alive or dead or an EQ-5D level, instead of a measured amount.
Categorical Targeting
Categorical targeting makes everyone in an easily observed group, such as children or older people, eligible for a benefit without testing individual need.
Causal Loop Diagram
A causal loop diagram (CLD) maps signed cause-and-effect links between variables to show the feedback loops driving a health system or decision problem.
Censoring
Censoring in survival analysis occurs when a patient's time to an event is only partly known, for example still event-free when trial follow-up ends.
Central Limit Theorem
The central limit theorem states that the mean of many independent observations with finite variance is approximately normal, whatever their distribution.
Certainty Equivalent
A certainty equivalent is the sure amount of money or health that a person values as highly as a risky prospect, such as an uncertain medical bill.