Grid Search
Grid search is an optimisation method that tests every combination of preset parameter values, used to calibrate and tune health economic models.
Encyclopaedia
Explore comprehensive, evidence-informed explanations of key health economics concepts, including their development, application and relationships to other concepts. Published entries are validated through human expert review.
Concepts, entries and ontology terms
A concept page is a published entry on the wiki. Some concepts also have a full encyclopaedia article. The Health Economics Ontology (HEO) holds every concept, including dictionary terms without an article, so it is larger than the list of published pages. The knowledge graph shows how concepts relate to each other.
Grossman Model
The Grossman model is a health economics theory in which people demand health as a capital stock that depreciates with age and is built up by investment.
Group-Based Trajectory Model
A group-based trajectory model (GBTM) is a finite mixture method that sorts patients into latent groups with similar paths of cost or symptoms over time.
Growth Curve Model
A growth curve model estimates how a repeatedly measured outcome changes over time, allowing the average trajectory and individual trajectories to differ under specified assumptions.
Growth Mixture Model
A growth mixture model sorts patients into latent classes whose health or cost follows a different average path over time, with variation in each class.
Habit Formation
The development of a cue-linked tendency to perform a behaviour more automatically through repetition in a recurring context.
Half-Cycle Correction
Half-cycle correction is a Markov model adjustment that counts costs and QALYs as if transitions occur, on average, halfway through each cycle.
Half-Life
Half-life is the time taken for a quantity, such as a drug's plasma concentration, to fall by half, which sets dosing intervals and time to steady state.
Harrell C-Index
Harrell's C-index measures how well a survival model ranks patients, the share of usable pairs where the patient with the earlier event had higher risk.
Hazard Rate
The hazard rate is the instantaneous event rate among people still event free at a given time in survival models. Not a probability, it can exceed 1.
Health Capital
Health capital is a person's health viewed in health economics as a durable stock that yields healthy time, depreciates with age and grows with investment.
Health Economic Model
A health economic model, or decision model, is a mathematical framework combining evidence to estimate the costs and health outcomes of healthcare options.
Health Production Function
A health production function shows how medical care, other market goods and own time produce health, with education raising efficiency (Grossman model).
Healthcare Production Function
A healthcare production function gives the maximum care output, such as visits or hospital episodes, obtainable from given staff, capital and technology.
Hedges' g
Hedges' g is a standardised mean difference, the gap between two group means divided by their pooled standard deviation, corrected for small-sample bias.
Hidden Markov Model
A hidden Markov model (HMM) is a Markov model of disease progression whose true states are unobserved and inferred from error-prone tests or markers.
Hierarchical Model
A hierarchical model represents observations or parameters at multiple related levels and estimates variation within and between those levels.
Hierarchical Testing
Hierarchical testing controls false positives across trial endpoints by testing them in a prespecified order at full alpha, stopping at the first failure.
Horizontal Equity
Horizontal equity is equal treatment of equals in health care: equal care for people in equal need and equal payments from those with equal ability to pay.
Hosmer-Lemeshow Test
The Hosmer-Lemeshow test is a goodness of fit test for logistic risk models that compares observed and predicted events in patient groups ranked by risk.