Equity-Efficiency Trade-off
The equity-efficiency trade-off is the total health given up for a fairer distribution when the option that maximises health is not the fairest one.
Encyclopaedia
Explore comprehensive, evidence-informed explanations of key health economics concepts, including their development, application and relationships to other concepts. Published entries are validated through human expert review.
Concepts, entries and ontology terms
A concept page is a published entry on the wiki. Some concepts also have a full encyclopaedia article. The Health Economics Ontology (HEO) holds every concept, including dictionary terms without an article, so it is larger than the list of published pages. The knowledge graph shows how concepts relate to each other.
Equity-Weighted Analysis
Equity-weighted analysis is a cost-effectiveness analysis in which health gains for priority groups, such as the severely ill, are weighted more heavily.
Equivalent Variation
Equivalent variation (EV) is the income change, made instead of a price, health or policy change, that leaves a person as well off as that change would.
Expected Net Benefit
Expected net benefit is the mean net benefit of a healthcare option across parameter uncertainty at a set threshold; the option with the highest is chosen.
Expected Value Criterion
The expected value criterion is a decision rule that chooses the option with the highest probability-weighted mean outcome, such as expected net benefit.
Experimental Design
Experimental design is the planning of how a trial or choice experiment assigns interventions or attributes so their effects can be estimated without bias.
Extended Cost-Effectiveness
Extended cost-effectiveness analysis (ECEA) is an economic evaluation that reports a policy's health gains, financial protection and costs by income group.
Extended Dominance
Extended dominance excludes an option in cost-effectiveness analysis when a blend of a less and a more effective option gives its health gain for less.
Externality
An externality is a cost or benefit, such as antimicrobial resistance or herd immunity, that falls on third parties and is ignored by the person deciding.
Extra-Welfarism
Extra-welfarism is a branch of welfare economics that judges health policies by outcomes such as health or capability, not by individual utility alone.
Full Economic Evaluation
Full economic evaluation is a study design that compares the costs and health outcomes of two or more healthcare options to judge value for money.
Fully Incremental Analysis
Fully incremental analysis compares all mutually exclusive strategies in an ordered sequence to identify the cost-effectiveness frontier.
Game Theory
Game theory in health economics analyses strategic choices by payers, providers, manufacturers and patients whose outcomes depend on what the others do.
Generalized Cost-Effectiveness
Generalized cost-effectiveness analysis (GCEA) is a WHO method that compares health interventions, alone and combined, with a null where none is provided.
Gini Coefficient Health
A health Gini coefficient is a scale-normalised measure of relative inequality in a specified nonnegative health variable across a population, obtained from pairwise differences or its Lorenz curve.
Grossman Model
The Grossman model is a health economics theory in which people demand health as a capital stock that depreciates with age and is built up by investment.
Habit Formation
The development of a cue-linked tendency to perform a behaviour more automatically through repetition in a recurring context.
Hale Calculation
The process of computing health-adjusted life expectancy, combining mortality data with health state prevalence and severity weights into one summary measure.
Half-Cycle Correction
Half-cycle correction is a Markov model adjustment that counts costs and QALYs as if transitions occur, on average, halfway through each cycle.
Health Capital
Health capital is a person's health viewed in health economics as a durable stock that yields healthy time, depreciates with age and grows with investment.