Dictionary

T

Transparency AssessmentTerm

An evaluation of the degree to which a model's structure, data sources, and calculations have been made accessible to external reviewers.

Transparency StandardsTerm

The requirements ensuring research methods, data, and findings are made appropriately accessible and understandable to participants, regulators, and researchers.

Transplant CentreTermTransplant Center

A specialist facility performing organ transplantation, maintaining certifications reflecting sufficient surgical volume and demonstrated outcomes for its transplant types.

Transplant EconomicsTerm

The application of health economic evaluation to organ and tissue transplantation, weighing donor, surgical, and lifelong immunosuppression costs against survival and quality of life gains.

TransportabilityTerm

The degree to which causal effects estimated in one population can be validly generalised to apply to a different target population.

Transportation BarrierTerm

An obstacle to healthcare arising from a lack of adequate transport to reach facilities, particularly relevant in rural or mobility-limited populations.

Trapezoidal RuleConcept

The trapezoidal rule approximates a definite integral by replacing a curve with straight-line segments and summing the resulting trapezoid areas.

Trauma CentreTermTrauma Center

A specialist hospital verified to treat severely injured patients, categorised into levels reflecting capacity to manage varying trauma severity.

Traumatic Brain InjuryTerm

An injury to the brain caused by an external physical force, such as a blow to the head, ranging from mild concussion to severe injury.

Treated PopulationTerm

The subset of an eligible or target population who actually receive a given treatment within a specified period.

TreatmentTermTherapy, Therapeutic Intervention, Medical Treatment

In health economics, any therapeutic intervention - pharmacological, device-based, surgical or behavioural - intended to cure, control or relieve a health condition, and the unit of comparison in most economic evaluations.

Treatment AccessTerm

A healthcare access dimension concerning patients' ability to obtain a needed treatment once a clinical decision has been made to pursue it.

Treatment AdherenceTerm

The extent to which a patient's behaviour in following any recommended treatment corresponds with agreed provider recommendations, encompassing medication adherence.

Treatment Administration CostConceptDelivery Cost, Drug Delivery Cost

Treatment administration cost is the cost of giving a medicine to a patient, such as nurse and chair time and consumables; it varies by route.

Treatment AlgorithmTerm

A structured, step-by-step clinical decision pathway outlining the recommended sequence of treatment decisions for a specific condition.

Treatment ArmTerm

A specific group of participants within a trial who receive a particular intervention, dose, or comparator being evaluated.

Treatment CappingTerm

A contractual limit on the maximum amount a payer will reimburse for an individual patient's treatment, whether by cycles, dose, or total cost.

Treatment CoverageTerm

A measure of the proportion of individuals diagnosed with a condition who actually receive appropriate treatment, a stage within effective coverage.

Treatment De-escalationTerm

A planned reduction in treatment intensity, such as dose, frequency, or number of agents, once adequate disease control is achieved.

Treatment DiscontinuationTerm

The cessation of a prescribed treatment before its originally planned completion, whether from adverse effects, lack of efficacy, or patient preference.

Treatment DurationTerm

The total length of time a patient receives a specific treatment course, whether fixed in advance or continued until an endpoint.

Treatment EffectTerm

The change in an outcome attributable to a specific treatment, distinguished from changes that would have occurred regardless due to other factors.

Treatment EscalationTerm

A planned increase in treatment intensity, such as raising dose or adding agents, typically when the current regimen fails to control disease.

Treatment ExpectationTerm

A patient's anticipated belief about how effective a treatment will be, which can independently influence their actual experienced outcome, especially for pain.

Treatment FailureTerm

A clinical outcome indicating a treatment did not achieve its intended goal, whether shown by lack of improvement, disease progression, or a therapy switch.

Treatment GapTerm

The difference between the number of people who could clinically benefit from a treatment and the number who actually receive it.

Treatment LimitationTerm

A documented decision restricting the scope or intensity of treatment a patient will receive, reflecting their own or a surrogate's preferences.

Treatment LineTerm

A specific position within a sequence of treatments a patient may receive, such as first-line, second-line, or third-line therapy.

Treatment NetworkTerm

The complete set of treatments and connecting trials forming the basis for a network meta-analysis, typically shown as nodes and connecting lines.

Treatment PathwayTerm

The typical sequence of treatments and clinical decisions a patient with a specific condition experiences, from diagnosis through subsequent therapy lines.

Treatment PreferenceTerm

A patient's or clinician's relative preference among treatment options, typically elicited using stated preference methods such as a discrete choice experiment.

Treatment ProtocolTerm

A formal, standardised plan specifying the exact treatments, doses, and schedule for managing a specific condition.

Treatment RankingTerm

The ordering of treatments in a network meta-analysis by estimated relative effectiveness, often summarised using measures such as SUCRA or P-scores.

Treatment ResponseTermTherapeutic Response, Symptomatic Improvement

A general term for the degree to which a patient's condition improves following treatment, assessed using disease-specific clinical and patient-reported criteria.

Treatment SatisfactionTerm

A patient's overall subjective evaluation of a specific treatment received, covering perceived effectiveness, convenience, and tolerability.

Treatment SelectionTerm

The clinical decision-making process of choosing among available treatment options, informed by disease characteristics, patient preferences, and comparative evidence.

Treatment SequenceTermTreatment Sequencing

The specific ordered series of treatments a patient receives over time as they progress through different lines of therapy.

Treatment Sequence ModelConcept

A decision-analytic model representing a patient's ordered progression through a series of treatments, moving to the next option after failure or discontinuation.

Treatment SuccessTerm

A composite outcome measure indicating a treatment achieved a predefined combination of criteria, such as clinical response, tolerability, and continued use.

Treatment SwitchingConcept

Treatment switching is when trial patients start a treatment they were not randomised to, typically control patients taking the new drug after progression.

Treatment WithdrawalTerm

The discontinuation of a treatment already being provided, such as stopping ventilation, when it no longer matches the patient's goals of care.

Treatment-Emergent Adverse EventTerm

An adverse event occurring or worsening during a trial period following study treatment administration, regardless of whether causally related.

Treatment-Free IntervalTerm

The period between completing one treatment course and starting the next, during which a patient receives no active therapy for the condition.

Treatment-Free RemissionTermTFR

A leukaemia outcome in which a patient with sufficiently deep, durable molecular response discontinues treatment entirely while maintaining disease control.

Trend AnalysisConcept

A statistical technique examining patterns of change in a variable over successive time periods, distinguishing direction from short-term fluctuation.

TriageTerm

The process of prioritising patients for treatment by condition severity and urgency, most commonly applied within emergency departments.

Trial DurationTermStudy Duration, Trial Length

The total length of time from the start of enrolment to the completion of a trial's planned follow-up period.

Trial PopulationTermStudy Population, Enrolled Population

The specific group of individuals enrolled in a trial, defined by the study's inclusion and exclusion criteria.

Trial-Based AnalysisTermWithin-Trial Analysis, Trial-Based Economic Evaluation, Within-Trial Evaluation

An economic evaluation using cost and outcome data collected directly alongside a clinical trial, rather than synthesised from multiple external sources.

Trim And FillTermTrim-and-Fill Method, Duval-Tweedie Method

A method detecting and adjusting for potential publication bias by imputing hypothetical missing studies that would restore funnel plot symmetry.