Dictionary
The Dictionary provides concise definitions of health economics terms, arranged alphabetically for quick reference. Use it to understand unfamiliar terminology or confirm the meaning of a specific term.
J
- JackknifeConceptLeave-One-Out Estimation, Quenouille Method
- The jackknife is a resampling method that recomputes an estimate, such as mean cost, leaving out each observation in turn to gauge bias and standard error.
- Jackknife Standard ErrorTermJackknife SE, Jackknife Variance Estimate
- An estimate of a parameter's statistical uncertainty calculated using the jackknife technique of omitting one observation at a time and examining resulting variability.
- Joint AssessmentTermCollaborative Assessment, Joint Clinical Assessment
- An assessment conducted collaboratively by multiple countries or bodies to reduce duplication and promote consistency across jurisdictions.
- Joint Assessment BodyTermJoint HTA Body, Collaborative Assessment Body
- A structure through which multiple countries collaborate to conduct a shared clinical evidence assessment, reducing duplication across jurisdictions.
- Joint CostTermCommon Cost, Shared Cost
- A cost incurred jointly in producing two or more services or outputs, so it cannot be attributed uniquely to any single one.
- Joint ModelConceptJoint Longitudinal-Survival Model, Shared-Parameter Model
- A statistical approach analysing a longitudinal outcome, such as a repeated biomarker, alongside a time-to-event outcome, accounting for the link between them.
- Joint ProbabilityTermJoint Distribution, Co-Occurrence Probability
- The probability that two or more events all occur together, calculated as one event's probability multiplied by the others' conditional probability.
- Judicial ReviewTermLegal Challenge, Court Review
- A legal process examining whether a government body has acted lawfully, typically focused on procedural fairness rather than scientific merit.
- Jump to ReferenceTermJ2R, Reference-Arm Imputation
- A missing data method assuming a patient's outcome trajectory immediately shifts to match the reference arm's from the point of treatment discontinuation.
- Just CultureTermJust Safety Culture, Fair Blame Culture
- An organisational approach distinguishing human error, at-risk behaviour, and reckless behaviour, applying a calibrated response to each rather than uniform blame.