Dictionary
The Dictionary provides concise definitions of health economics terms, arranged alphabetically for quick reference. Use it to understand unfamiliar terminology or confirm the meaning of a specific term.
C
- Clinical Trial
- A prospective research study in which participants receive one or more interventions to evaluate their effects on health-related outcomes.
- Clinical Trial Cost
- The total expense of designing, conducting, and analysing a clinical trial, a substantial component of the overall cost of bringing a treatment to market.
- Clinical Trial Data
- Data collected within a clinical trial's structured framework, including detailed outcome, adverse event, and often resource use measurements, under controlled conditions.
- Clinical Trial Design
- The structural and methodological plan for a trial, covering randomisation, comparator choice, and endpoint definition, shaping the evidence's suitability for economic modelling.
- Clinical Trial Economics Oncology
- The application of clinical trial cost analysis to oncology research, characterised by complex trial designs using biomarker-based selection and extended follow-up.
D
- Drug Development
- The multi-stage process of bringing a new pharmaceutical product from discovery through preclinical testing, clinical trials, and regulatory approval to market.
E
- Efficacy
- The extent to which an intervention produces a beneficial result under the ideal, controlled conditions of a clinical trial.
- Efficacy Evaluation
- An assessment of a treatment's effect under the controlled, idealised conditions of a clinical trial, estimating its maximum potential benefit.
- Efficacy Evidence
- Data demonstrating an intervention's effect under the controlled, often idealised conditions of a clinical trial.
- Evidence Source
- The specific origin of data or findings used to inform a health economic model, from clinical trials to published literature.
- Evidence-Based Benefit Assessment
- A benefit assessment grounded in systematically reviewed clinical trial data rather than expert opinion or manufacturer claims.
- Experimental Cost Analysis
- A cost analysis conducted alongside a clinical trial, capturing resource use data prospectively rather than retrospectively from routine practice.
I
- IND Application
- An Investigational New Drug application requesting permission to begin human clinical trials, containing preclinical safety data and a proposed trial plan.
P
- Patient Recruitment Cost
- The expense of identifying, screening, and enrolling eligible participants into a clinical trial, a significant and often underestimated component of trial cost.
- Piggyback Evaluation
- An economic evaluation conducted by collecting cost and outcome data alongside an existing clinical trial designed primarily for another purpose.
R
- Real-World Data
- Data on patient health status or healthcare delivery routinely collected outside a traditional clinical trial, such as records, claims, and registries.
- Recruitment
- The overall process of identifying, approaching, and enrolling eligible participants into a clinical trial or research study.
T
- Trial Cost
- The total expense of designing, conducting, and analysing a clinical trial, including site costs, recruitment, data management, and regulatory compliance.
- Trial-Based Analysis
- An economic evaluation using cost and outcome data collected directly alongside a clinical trial, rather than synthesised from multiple external sources.
V
- Vaccine Efficacy
- The degree to which a vaccine reduces disease risk among vaccinated individuals under the controlled conditions of a clinical trial.
W
- Within-Trial Evaluation
- An economic evaluation using cost and outcome data collected directly within a clinical trial's follow-up period, without extrapolation beyond it.