Dictionary
The Dictionary provides concise definitions of health economics terms, arranged alphabetically for quick reference. Use it to understand unfamiliar terminology or confirm the meaning of a specific term.
N
- Net Benefit ApproachNB Framework, Money-Metric Evaluation
- A framework for economic evaluation that converts health outcomes into money at a set value per unit of effect, then subtracts cost.
- Neurological Disease EconomicsNeuro Economics, Nervous-System Disease Economics, Neurological Economics
- The broad application of health economic evaluation to conditions affecting the brain, spinal cord, and nervous system, spanning neurodegenerative disease, epilepsy, and injury.
- Neurosurgery EconomicsNeurosurgical Economics, Brain Surgery Economics
- The application of health economic evaluation to surgical procedures involving the brain, spine, and nervous system.
- Norovirus EconomicsNorovirus Cost of Illness, Winter Vomiting Bug Economics
- The application of health economic evaluation to norovirus, a highly contagious virus causing acute gastroenteritis with substantial healthcare and productivity costs.
- Nursing Home EconomicsCare Home Economics, Skilled Nursing Facility Economics
- The application of health economic evaluation to residential facilities providing round-the-clock nursing care for people with significant medical or functional needs.
- Nutrition EconomicsDietary Economics, Food and Health Economics
- The application of health economic evaluation to dietary interventions and nutrition policy, drawing on nutritional epidemiology linking diet to disease risk.
O
- Obesity EconomicsEconomics of Obesity, Obesity Cost of Illness
- The application of health economic evaluation to obesity prevention and treatment, spanning lifestyle intervention, medication, and bariatric surgery.
- Obstetrics EconomicsObstetric Care Economics, Childbirth Economics
- The application of health economic evaluation to pregnancy and childbirth care, covering prenatal screening, labour and delivery, and postpartum care.
- Occupational Therapy EconomicsOT Economics, Occupational Therapy Cost
- The application of health economic evaluation to occupational therapy, which helps patients regain daily activity skills after illness, injury, or disability.
- Oesophageal EconomicsEsophageal Economics, Oesophageal Disease Economics
- The application of health economic evaluation to oesophageal conditions, including reflux disease, oesophageal cancer, and swallowing disorders.
- Oncology EconomicsCancer Economics, Economics of Cancer
- The broad application of health economic evaluation to cancer prevention, screening, diagnosis, and treatment.
- Ophthalmology EconomicsEye Care Economics, Vision Health Economics
- The broad application of health economic evaluation to eye conditions, from cataracts and glaucoma to complex retinal disease.
- Opioid Use EconomicsOpioid Economics, Opioid Crisis Economics
- The application of health economic evaluation to opioid use disorder, covering medication-assisted treatment, overdose prevention, and broader public health responses.
- Oral Health EconomicsDental Economics, Oral Care Economics
- The application of health economic evaluation to dental and oral healthcare, covering prevention, restorative treatment, and periodontal disease management.
- Orthopaedic EconomicsOrthopedic Economics, Orthopaedic Surgery Economics
- The application of health economic evaluation to surgical and non-surgical treatment of the musculoskeletal system, covering joint replacement and spine surgery.
- Osteoporosis EconomicsBone Density Economics, Fragility Fracture Economics
- The application of health economic evaluation to osteoporosis, covering screening, preventive medication, and fracture prevention in at-risk populations.
- Otological EconomicsEar Economics, Otology Economics
- The application of health economic evaluation to ear conditions, spanning hearing loss, balance disorders, and chronic ear infections.
- Outbreak Response EconomicsOutbreak Economics, Epidemic Response Economics
- The application of health economic evaluation to resources deployed in outbreak response, including surveillance, contact tracing, and containment measures.
P
- Pacemaker EconomicsPacemaker Cost-Effectiveness, Cardiac Pacing Economics
- The application of health economic evaluation to implantable pacemakers, weighing device and implant cost against improved quality of life for bradycardia.
- Paediatric EconomicsChild Health Economics, Children's Health Economics
- The application of health economic evaluation to the healthcare needs of infants, children, and adolescents, including preventive care and congenital conditions.
- Pain Management EconomicsPain Economics, Analgesic Economics
- The application of health economic evaluation to acute and chronic pain strategies, comparing medication, interventional procedures, and multidisciplinary pain programmes.
- Palliative Care EconomicsPalliative Economics, Palliative-Care Costing
- The application of health economic evaluation to specialist care relieving symptoms and improving quality of life for serious illness, regardless of prognosis.
- Palliative Care Economics OncologyOncology Palliative Economics, Cancer Palliative Care Economics
- The application of health economic evaluation to palliative care within oncology, focused on symptom management and quality of life regardless of curative treatment status.
- Pancreatitis EconomicsPancreatic Inflammation Economics, Pancreatitis Cost of Illness
- The application of health economic evaluation to pancreatic inflammation, covering both acute episodes and chronic, recurring disease.
- Pancreatology EconomicsPancreatic Economics, Pancreas Disease Economics
- The application of health economic evaluation to the broader field of pancreatic disease, including pancreatitis, pancreatic insufficiency, and pancreatic cancer.
- Pandemic Preparedness EconomicsPreparedness Economics, Pandemic Readiness Economics
- The application of health economic evaluation to advance investments improving a health system's capacity to detect and respond to a future outbreak.
- Parasitic Disease EconomicsParasite Disease Economics, Parasitology Economics
- The application of health economic evaluation to diseases caused by parasitic organisms, spanning malaria through various helminth infections.
- Parkinson Disease EconomicsParkinson's Economics, PD Economics
- The application of health economic evaluation to Parkinson's disease, comparing medication therapy and, in advanced cases, surgical interventions such as deep brain stimulation.
- Perinatal Mental Health EconomicsMaternal Mental Health Economics, Postnatal Mental Health Economics
- The application of health economic evaluation to mental health conditions arising during pregnancy and the postpartum period, such as postnatal depression.
- Peripheral Vascular EconomicsPVD Economics, Vascular Disease Economics
- The application of health economic evaluation to conditions affecting blood vessels outside the heart and brain, including peripheral artery and venous disease.
- Peritonitis EconomicsPeritoneal Infection Economics, Abdominal Sepsis Economics
- The application of health economic evaluation to inflammation of the abdominal cavity's peritoneal lining, typically a serious condition requiring urgent treatment.
- Personality Disorder EconomicsPersonality Disorder Cost of Illness, Cluster-B Economics
- The application of health economic evaluation to personality disorders, chronic conditions requiring specialist, often long-term psychotherapy approaches.
- PerspectiveAnalytic Viewpoint, Costing Standpoint
- The viewpoint adopted in an economic evaluation that determines which categories of cost and outcome are included, such as payer, patient, or societal.
- Pertussis EconomicsWhooping Cough Economics, Pertussis Cost of Illness
- The application of health economic evaluation to pertussis, or whooping cough, a highly contagious bacterial respiratory infection largely preventable through vaccination.
- Physical Activity EconomicsExercise Economics, PA Economics
- The application of health economic evaluation to interventions promoting physical activity, from individual counselling to community and environmental design policy.
- Physical Therapy EconomicsPhysiotherapy Economics, PT Economics
- The application of health economic evaluation to physical therapy, which helps patients restore movement and function after injury, surgery, or chronic disease.
- Piggyback EvaluationAlongside-Trial Evaluation, Trial-Piggybacked CEA
- An economic evaluation conducted by collecting cost and outcome data alongside an existing clinical trial designed primarily for another purpose.
- Plastic Surgery EconomicsCosmetic Surgery Economics, Aesthetic Surgery Economics
- The application of health economic evaluation to reconstructive and, in some contexts, cosmetic surgery, focused on restoring function after trauma or cancer.
- Pneumonia EconomicsPneumonia Cost of Illness, Lower Respiratory Infection Economics
- The application of health economic evaluation to pneumonia, comparing outpatient antibiotic management against hospitalisation for more severe cases.
- Polio EconomicsPoliomyelitis Economics, Polio Cost of Illness
- The application of health economic evaluation to poliomyelitis, a paralysis-causing viral disease targeted for global eradication through sustained vaccination.
- Precision Oncology EconomicsPrecision Cancer Economics, Genomic Oncology Economics
- The application of health economic evaluation to cancer treatments tailored to a tumour's genetic characteristics, jointly evaluating the treatment and companion diagnostic.
- Prevention EconomicsEconomics of Prevention, Preventive Care Economics
- The broad application of health economic evaluation to interventions preventing disease onset or progression, spanning primary and secondary prevention.
- Primary Prevention EconomicsEconomics of Primary Prevention, Pre-Onset Prevention Economics
- The application of health economic evaluation specifically to interventions preventing disease onset in people who have not yet developed the condition.
- Prospective EvaluationForward Evaluation, Concurrent Evaluation
- An economic evaluation in which cost and outcome data are collected forward in time from the study's start, unlike a retrospective evaluation.
- Prostate Disease EconomicsProstate Cancer Economics, Prostatic Disease Economics
- The application of health economic evaluation to conditions affecting the prostate gland, covering benign enlargement and prostate cancer treatment options.
- Psoriasis EconomicsPsoriatic Disease Economics, Psoriasis Cost of Illness
- The application of health economic evaluation to psoriasis, comparing topical treatment, phototherapy, and biologic therapy across differing disease severities.
- Psychiatric Hospital EconomicsInpatient Psychiatric Economics, Mental Hospital Economics
- The application of health economic evaluation to inpatient psychiatric facilities, comparing cost and outcomes against community-based alternatives.
- Psychosis EconomicsPsychotic Disorder Economics, First-Episode Psychosis Cost
- The application of health economic evaluation to psychotic disorders, covering antipsychotic medication, psychosocial support, and early intervention programmes.
- Ptsd EconomicsPost-Traumatic Stress Disorder Economics, PTSD Cost of Illness
- The application of health economic evaluation to post-traumatic stress disorder, comparing trauma-focused psychotherapy, medication, and combination treatment approaches.
- Pulmonary Embolism EconomicsPE Economics, Lung-Clot Cost of Illness
- The application of health economic evaluation to blood clots blocking lung arteries, addressing both acute treatment and longer-term recurrence prevention.