Health-state inputs
Illustrative values only. Utility values and value sets are not automatically transferable between instruments, populations or jurisdictions.
New intervention
Comparator
Decision settings
Try a decision scenario
Explore the decision: Try each scenario. Then change one utility, duration or cost and explain why the result changes—or remains the same.
Calculation pathway
| Alternative | Undiscounted QALYs | Discounted QALYs | Total cost | NMB |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Boundary: Cost-effectiveness does not establish affordability, equity, feasibility, evidence quality or adoption.
Method and assumptions
Period QALYs = Utility × Time. Discounted QALYs divide each period’s QALYs by (1 + r)^t, where t is the midpoint of the period. Midpoint discounting is a transparent approximation for outcomes accrued across each period. Enter costs as already-discounted present values. ICUR = ΔC ÷ ΔQALY and INMB = (λ × ΔQALY) − ΔC.
Interpretation safeguards
A QALY is a preference-weighted health outcome, not money. A negative ICUR is ambiguous until the cost-effectiveness-plane quadrant is identified. When incremental QALYs equal zero, the ICUR is undefined. A positive INMB favours the intervention on expected value-for-money grounds at the selected threshold.
Utility evidence
Analysts should report the instrument, value set, valuation method, respondent population and evidence source. Some value sets allow negative values for health states considered worse than dead; the explorer accepts utilities from −1 to 1.
Evidence and originality
The calculations are informed by standard health-economic methods, NICE economic-evaluation guidance, CDA-AMC guidance, ISPOR health-state utility guidance and EuroQol value-set documentation. The interface, explanatory text, example and code were created from scratch for HealthEconomics.wiki. No external graphics, datasets, fonts or code libraries are used.